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Bullion: A Column Store for Machine Learning

Summary: Bullion is a columnar store tailored for ML: modular cascading encodings, in‑storage feature quantization, optimized long-sequence sparse‑feature encodings, and quality‑aware sequential reads for wide-table/multimodal training. Yields lower I/O for deletion compliance, substantial storage savings on sparse features, and faster metadata parsing than existing column stores. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h3538b7a38e5ae0ba
Venue
CIDR
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.5261972e-05
Overall Rank
7,369 | 50.61%
DOI
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PDF
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Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{liao_cidr25,
        address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
        series = {{CIDR} '25},
        title = {{Bullion: A Column Store for Machine Learning}},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Innovative} {Data} {Systems} {Research}},
        author = {Liao, Gang and Liu, Ye and Chen, Jianjun and Abadi, Daniel J.},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,771 The FastLanes File Format 2025 VLDB 5.4390723e-05
8,578 F3: The Open-Source Data File Format for the Future 2026 SIGMOD 5.2966191e-05
8,665 Magnus: A Holistic Approach to Data Management for Large-Scale Machine Learning Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.2778748e-05
10,065 Towards Functional Decomposition of Storage Formats 2025 CIDR 5.0749178e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
12 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.00068985264
31 Hive - A Warehousing Solution Over a Map-Reduce Framework 2009 VLDB 0.00049707539
48 Weaving Relations for Cache Performance 2001 VLDB 0.00043770511
52 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00041439488
61 Integrating Compression and Execution in Column-Oriented Database Systems 2006 SIGMOD 0.00039323387
147 Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database 2015 VLDB 0.00028941363
177 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026571747
226 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.0002389883
327 Impala: A Modern, Open-Source SQL Engine for Hadoop 2015 CIDR 0.00020904249
332 Column-Stores vs. Row-Stores: How Different Are They Really? 2008 SIGMOD 0.00020739447
462 Delta Lake: High-Performance ACID Table Storage over Cloud Object Stores 2020 VLDB 0.00017825062
651 Amazon Redshift Re-invented 2022 SIGMOD 0.00015126716
955 Lakehouse: A New Generation of Open Platforms that Unify Data Warehousing and Advanced Analytics 2021 CIDR 0.00012856295
1,337 Column-oriented Database Systems 2009 VLDB 0.00010968302
1,351 Chimp: Efficient Lossless Floating Point Compression for Time Series Databases 2022 VLDB 0.00010921539
1,387 Procella: Unifying serving and analytical data at YouTube 2019 VLDB 0.0001080904
2,062 tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework 2021 VLDB 9.0820315e-05
2,239 BtrBlocks: Efficient Columnar Compression for Data Lakes 2023 SIGMOD 8.7753778e-05
2,700 Major Technical Advancements in Apache Hive 2014 SIGMOD 8.096888e-05
2,811 ALP: Adaptive Lossless floating-Point Compression 2023 SIGMOD 7.9587454e-05
3,523 Online, Asynchronous Schema Change in F1 2013 VLDB 7.2161335e-05
3,649 The evolution of Amazon Redshift (extended abstract) 2021 VLDB 7.1172165e-05
3,809 An Empirical Evaluation of Columnar Storage Formats 2024 VLDB 6.9890843e-05
5,157 ByteHTAP: ByteDance’s HTAP System with High Data Freshness and Strong Data Consistency 2022 VLDB 6.2362793e-05
5,825 Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data 2007 CIDR 5.9647545e-05
6,290 Shared Foundations: Modernizing Meta's Data Lakehouse 2023 CIDR 5.8051881e-05
7,879 BullFrog: Online Schema Evolution via Lazy Evaluation 2021 SIGMOD 5.4186893e-05
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