Believe It or Not: Adding Belief Annotations to Databases

Summary: Introduces Belief Databases for conflicting, multi-user curation, where annotations can express beliefs about data and other beliefs. Gives multi-agent epistemic semantics, canonical Kripke encoding, and translation of belief queries to relational queries. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: h400556690a2a470d
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2009
Pagerank: 6.0216473e-05
Overall Rank: 5,713 | 61.59%
DOI: 10.14778/1687627.1687629

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Wolfgang Gatterbauer (University of Washington)
2. Magdalena Balazinska (University of Washington)
3. Nodira Khoussainova (University of Washington)
4. Dan Suciu (University of Washington)

BibTeX Citation

@article{gatterbauer_vldb09,
        title = {{Believe It or Not: Adding Belief Annotations to Databases}},
        author = {Gatterbauer, Wolfgang and Balazinska, Magdalena and Khoussainova, Nodira and Suciu, Dan},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '09},
        doi = {10.14778/1687627.1687629},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687629},
        year = {2009}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 7 of 7 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5,596	Managing Structured Collections of Community Data	2011	CIDR	6.0719945e-05
7,110	Linearized and Single-Pass Belief Propagation	2015	VLDB	5.601767e-05
7,778	User Guidance for Efficient Fact Checking	2019	VLDB	5.4546499e-05
9,010	Data Conflict Resolution Using Trust Mappings	2010	SIGMOD	5.2381955e-05
9,468	InsightNotes: Summary-Based Annotation Management in Relational Databases	2014	SIGMOD	5.1716372e-05
12,400	Even Metadata is Getting Big: Annotation Summarization using InsightNotes	2015	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
12,414	Proactive Annotation Management in Relational Databases	2015	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 16 of 16 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
33	Consistent Query Answers in Inconsistent Databases	1999	PODS	0.00049349003
84	ULDBs: Databases with Uncertainty and Lineage	2006	VLDB	0.00035963861
126	Trio: A System for Integrated Management of Data, Accuracy, and Lineage	2005	CIDR	0.00030439683
525	An Annotation Management System for Relational Databases	2004	VLDB	0.00016890994
587	Management of Probabilistic Data: Foundations and Challenges	2007	PODS	0.00015933201
595	ConQuer: Efficient Management of Inconsistent Databases	2005	SIGMOD	0.00015798582
899	Mapping Data in Peer-to-Peer Systems: Semantics and Algorithmic Issues	2003	SIGMOD	0.00013186809
1,588	DBNotes: A Post-It System for Relational Databases based on Provenance	2005	SIGMOD	0.00010140362
1,761	Reconciling while Tolerating Disagreement in Collaborative Data Sharing	2006	SIGMOD	9.7093946e-05
2,002	Orchestra: Facilitating Collaborative Data Sharing	2007	SIGMOD	9.208994e-05
2,170	Provenance Management in Curated Databases	2006	SIGMOD	8.924429e-05
2,459	Update Semantics for Incomplete Databases	1985	VLDB	8.4353518e-05
2,543	From Complete to Incomplete Information and Back	2007	SIGMOD	8.3182354e-05
3,582	Query Processing in Deductive Databases with Incomplete Information	1986	SIGMOD	7.1914472e-05
4,183	Intensional Associations Between Data and Metadata	2007	SIGMOD	6.7550231e-05
6,686	bdbms – A Database Management System for Biological Data	2007	CIDR	5.7085095e-05

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1	5,784	Maintenance of Stratified Databases Viewed as a Belief Revision System	1987	PODS
2	3,178	Toward Computational Fact-Checking	2014	VLDB
3	9,373	Query-Guided Resolution in Uncertain Databases	2023	SIGMOD
4	13,372	Knowledgebase Transformations	1992	PODS
5	11,905	ActivePDB: Active Probabilistic Databases	2022	VLDB
6	4,655	A Temporal-Probabilistic Database Model for Information Extraction	2013	VLDB
7	2,548	Querying Database Knowledge	1990	SIGMOD
8	4,868	Uncertainty Annotated Databases - A Lightweight Approach for Approximating Certain Answers	2019	SIGMOD
9	13,192	Belief Reasoning in MLS Deductive Databases	1999	SIGMOD
10	9,010	Data Conflict Resolution Using Trust Mappings	2010	SIGMOD