Fully Persistent B+-trees

Summary: Fully persistent B+-trees with two schemes: fat-node and pure version-block. Fat-node supports range queries and lookups on released versions; version-block is space-efficient when total keys across versions are small, while an earlier index reduces version-resolution accesses at high space cost for a few versions. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h5a098e552ecef2eb
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 1991
Pagerank: 7.5362162e-05
Overall Rank: 3,207 | 78.45%
DOI: 10.1145/115790.115861

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Sitaram Lanka (Pennsylvania State University)
2. Eric Mays (IBM)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{lanka_sigmod91,
        title = {{Fully Persistent B+-trees}},
        author = {Lanka, Sitaram and Mays, Eric},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '91},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/115790.115861},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/115790.115861},
        year = {1991}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 7 of 7 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,994	OrpheusDB: Bolt-on Versioning for Relational Databases	2017	VLDB	9.232331e-05
2,282	Decibel: The Relational Dataset Branching System	2016	VLDB	8.6997852e-05
3,276	ForkBase: An Efficient Storage Engine for Blockchain and Forkable Applications	2018	VLDB	7.4656105e-05
3,736	The BT-Tree: A Branched and Temporal Access Method	2000	VLDB	7.0612886e-05
7,156	Minuet: A Scalable Distributed Multiversion B-Tree	2012	VLDB	5.5953223e-05
7,967	LETUS: A Log-Structured Efficient Trusted Universal BlockChain Storage	2024	SIGMOD	5.4141152e-05
8,153	DeltaNI: An Efficient Labeling Scheme for Versioned Hierarchical Data	2013	SIGMOD	5.3883285e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,451	A Unifying Framework for Version Control in a CAD Environment	1986	VLDB	0.00010607221

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