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Why Not?

Summary: Proposes a WHY NOT? model to explain missing results, with two algorithms to locate the discarded data item and two tracing approaches. User study confirms usefulness for expert users and suggests reduced debugging through targeted explanations. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h5f54d3c4b98238af
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2009
Pagerank
0.00019254758
Overall Rank
389 | 97.40%
DOI
10.1145/1559845.1559901

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{chapman_sigmod09,
        title = {{Why Not?}},
        author = {Chapman, Adriane and Jagadish, H.V.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '09},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/1559845.1559901},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1559845.1559901},
        year = {2009}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 55 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
581 The Complexity of Causality and Responsibility for Query Answers and non-Answers 2011 VLDB 0.00016042765
790 How to ConQueR Why-Not Questions 2010 SIGMOD 0.00013929166
2,079 Explaining Missing Answers to SPJUA Queries 2010 VLDB 9.0602682e-05
2,459 Tracing Data Errors with View-Conditioned Causality 2011 SIGMOD 8.4137923e-05
2,473 Complaint-driven Training Data Debugging for Query 2.0 2020 SIGMOD 8.3984284e-05
2,492 Query-Oriented Data Cleaning with Oracles 2015 SIGMOD 8.3722864e-05
2,730 Partial Results in Database Systems 2014 SIGMOD 8.0676725e-05
2,847 Data Provenance at Internet Scale: Architecture, Experiences, and the Road Ahead 2017 CIDR 7.9235089e-05
2,975 Answering Why-not Questions on Reverse Top-k Queries 2015 VLDB 7.7807277e-05
3,161 Explanation-Based Auditing 2012 VLDB 7.5641515e-05
4,085 The Complexity of Resilience and Responsibility for Self-Join-Free Conjunctive Queries 2016 VLDB 6.7989526e-05
4,184 A Probabilistic Optimization Framework for the Empty-Answer Problem 2013 VLDB 6.7419575e-05
4,354 LIMA: Fine-grained Lineage Tracing and Reuse in Machine Learning Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.6318545e-05
4,742 Going Beyond Provenance: Explaining Query Answers with Pattern-based Counterbalances 2019 SIGMOD 6.4285195e-05
4,769 New Results for the Complexity of Resilience for Binary Conjunctive Queries with Self-Joins 2020 PODS 6.4131333e-05
4,843 VOGUE: Towards A Visual Interaction-aware Graph Query Processing Framework 2013 CIDR 6.3731613e-05
4,847 Automatic Rule Refinement for Information Extraction 2010 VLDB 6.3701399e-05
4,852 QFix: Diagnosing Errors through Query Histories 2017 SIGMOD 6.3680596e-05
4,865 High-Level Why-Not Explanations using Ontologies 2015 PODS 6.3619008e-05
4,871 Explaining Wrong Queries Using Small Examples 2019 SIGMOD 6.3583165e-05
5,078 ShapGraph: An Holistic View of Explanations through Provenance Graphs and Shapley Values 2022 SIGMOD 6.2706745e-05
5,374 Why Not Yet: Fixing a Top-k Ranking that Is Not Fair to Individuals 2023 VLDB 6.140487e-05
5,375 Rudolf: Interactive Rule Refinement System for Fraud Detection 2016 VLDB 6.1400457e-05
5,556 Putting Things into Context: Rich Explanations for Query Answers using Join Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 6.0705311e-05
5,809 Banzhaf Values for Facts in Query Answering 2024 SIGMOD 5.9703658e-05
6,450 Summarized Causal Explanations For Aggregate Views 2024 SIGMOD 5.7635046e-05
6,502 Approximate Summaries for Why and Why-not Provenance 2020 VLDB 5.7468661e-05
6,518 QOCO: A Query Oriented Data Cleaning System with Oracles 2015 VLDB 5.741664e-05
6,608 Explain3D: Explaining Disagreements in Disjoint Datasets 2019 VLDB 5.7187078e-05
6,735 TRAMP: Understanding the Behavior of Schema Mappings through Provenance 2010 VLDB 5.6785286e-05
7,339 NLProveNAns: Natural Language Provenance for Non-Answers 2018 VLDB 5.5337666e-05
7,430 EFQ: Why-Not Answer Polynomials in Action 2015 VLDB 5.5139109e-05
7,823 Erebus: Explaining the Outputs of Data Streaming Queries 2023 VLDB 5.4300469e-05
7,840 You Say ‘What’, I Hear ‘Where’ and ‘Why’ — (Mis-)Interpreting SQL to Derive Fine-Grained Provenance 2018 VLDB 5.4260988e-05
7,901 To Not Miss the Forest for the Trees - A Holistic Approach for Explaining Missing Answers over Nested Data 2021 SIGMOD 5.4136249e-05
7,941 SlabCity: Whole-Query Optimization using Program Synthesis 2023 VLDB 5.4056478e-05
8,190 Efficient Recovery of Missing Events 2013 VLDB 5.3649295e-05
8,323 Fixed It For You: Protocol Repair Using Lineage Graphs 2019 CIDR 5.3394119e-05
8,375 FEDEX: An Explainability Framework for Data Exploration Steps 2022 VLDB 5.3280107e-05
8,564 Why Not Match: On Explanations of Event Pattern Queries 2021 SIGMOD 5.2999122e-05
8,910 DPXPlain: Privately Explaining Aggregate Query Answers 2023 VLDB 5.2369069e-05
9,090 Understanding Queries by Conditional Instances 2022 SIGMOD 5.2092307e-05
9,827 ProvCite: Provenance-based Data Citation 2019 VLDB 5.108228e-05
9,990 Fair and Actionable Causal Prescription Ruleset 2025 SIGMOD 5.0845476e-05
10,067 Debugging Missing Answers for Spark Queries over Nested Data with Breadcrumb 2021 VLDB 5.074247e-05
10,418 Evergreen: Efficient Claim Verification for Semantic Aggregates 2027 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,810 Database Views as Explanations for Relational Deep Learning 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,874 Efficient Query Repair for Aggregate Constraints 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,914 I-Rex: An Interactive Debugger for SQL 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,083 Q-ACER: Query Aggregate Constraint Efficient Repair System 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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