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Why Not?

Summary: Proposes a WHY NOT? model to explain missing results, with two algorithms to locate the discarded data item and two tracing approaches. User study confirms usefulness for expert users and suggests reduced debugging through targeted explanations. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h5f54d3c4b98238af
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2009
Pagerank
0.00019238698
Overall Rank
391 | 97.38%
DOI
10.1145/1559845.1559901

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{chapman_sigmod09,
        title = {{Why Not?}},
        author = {Chapman, Adriane and Jagadish, H.V.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '09},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/1559845.1559901},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1559845.1559901},
        year = {2009}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 54 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
578 The Complexity of Causality and Responsibility for Query Answers and non-Answers 2011 VLDB 0.00016096504
791 How to ConQueR Why-Not Questions 2010 SIGMOD 0.00013976192
2,067 Explaining Missing Answers to SPJUA Queries 2010 VLDB 9.0924963e-05
2,458 Tracing Data Errors with View-Conditioned Causality 2011 SIGMOD 8.4371456e-05
2,504 Query-Oriented Data Cleaning with Oracles 2015 SIGMOD 8.3782213e-05
2,598 Complaint-driven Training Data Debugging for Query 2.0 2020 SIGMOD 8.2385793e-05
2,717 Partial Results in Database Systems 2014 SIGMOD 8.0980367e-05
2,843 Data Provenance at Internet Scale: Architecture, Experiences, and the Road Ahead 2017 CIDR 7.9491056e-05
2,955 Answering Why-not Questions on Reverse Top-k Queries 2015 VLDB 7.8102237e-05
3,149 Explanation-Based Auditing 2012 VLDB 7.5920152e-05
4,062 The Complexity of Resilience and Responsibility for Self-Join-Free Conjunctive Queries 2016 VLDB 6.8247395e-05
4,165 A Probabilistic Optimization Framework for the Empty-Answer Problem 2013 VLDB 6.7675283e-05
4,334 LIMA: Fine-grained Lineage Tracing and Reuse in Machine Learning Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.6569314e-05
4,739 Going Beyond Provenance: Explaining Query Answers with Pattern-based Counterbalances 2019 SIGMOD 6.4441962e-05
4,747 New Results for the Complexity of Resilience for Binary Conjunctive Queries with Self-Joins 2020 PODS 6.4374568e-05
4,823 Automatic Rule Refinement for Information Extraction 2010 VLDB 6.3937168e-05
4,824 VOGUE: Towards A Visual Interaction-aware Graph Query Processing Framework 2013 CIDR 6.3934185e-05
4,827 QFix: Diagnosing Errors through Query Histories 2017 SIGMOD 6.3917868e-05
4,840 High-Level Why-Not Explanations using Ontologies 2015 PODS 6.3858476e-05
4,847 Explaining Wrong Queries Using Small Examples 2019 SIGMOD 6.3823876e-05
5,055 ShapGraph: An Holistic View of Explanations through Provenance Graphs and Shapley Values 2022 SIGMOD 6.2944577e-05
5,353 Why Not Yet: Fixing a Top-k Ranking that Is Not Fair to Individuals 2023 VLDB 6.1637765e-05
5,354 Rudolf: Interactive Rule Refinement System for Fraud Detection 2016 VLDB 6.1633336e-05
5,529 Putting Things into Context: Rich Explanations for Query Answers using Join Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 6.0935553e-05
5,793 Banzhaf Values for Facts in Query Answering 2024 SIGMOD 5.9930101e-05
6,436 Summarized Causal Explanations For Aggregate Views 2024 SIGMOD 5.7853643e-05
6,486 Approximate Summaries for Why and Why-not Provenance 2020 VLDB 5.7686627e-05
6,537 QOCO: A Query Oriented Data Cleaning System with Oracles 2015 VLDB 5.7535125e-05
6,600 Explain3D: Explaining Disagreements in Disjoint Datasets 2019 VLDB 5.7403306e-05
6,714 TRAMP: Understanding the Behavior of Schema Mappings through Provenance 2010 VLDB 5.7000511e-05
7,317 NLProveNAns: Natural Language Provenance for Non-Answers 2018 VLDB 5.554755e-05
7,407 EFQ: Why-Not Answer Polynomials in Action 2015 VLDB 5.534824e-05
7,802 Erebus: Explaining the Outputs of Data Streaming Queries 2023 VLDB 5.4506419e-05
7,819 You Say ‘What’, I Hear ‘Where’ and ‘Why’ — (Mis-)Interpreting SQL to Derive Fine-Grained Provenance 2018 VLDB 5.4466474e-05
7,879 To Not Miss the Forest for the Trees - A Holistic Approach for Explaining Missing Answers over Nested Data 2021 SIGMOD 5.4341576e-05
7,931 SlabCity: Whole-Query Optimization using Program Synthesis 2023 VLDB 5.4238328e-05
8,169 Efficient Recovery of Missing Events 2013 VLDB 5.3847972e-05
8,302 Fixed It For You: Protocol Repair Using Lineage Graphs 2019 CIDR 5.3596631e-05
8,355 FEDEX: An Explainability Framework for Data Exploration Steps 2022 VLDB 5.3482186e-05
8,539 Why Not Match: On Explanations of Event Pattern Queries 2021 SIGMOD 5.3200136e-05
8,881 DPXPlain: Privately Explaining Aggregate Query Answers 2023 VLDB 5.2567693e-05
9,061 Understanding Queries by Conditional Instances 2022 SIGMOD 5.2289882e-05
9,787 ProvCite: Provenance-based Data Citation 2019 VLDB 5.1276016e-05
9,949 Fair and Actionable Causal Prescription Ruleset 2025 SIGMOD 5.1038322e-05
10,024 Debugging Missing Answers for Spark Queries over Nested Data with Breadcrumb 2021 VLDB 5.0934925e-05
10,739 Database Views as Explanations for Relational Deep Learning 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,803 Efficient Query Repair for Aggregate Constraints 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,843 I-Rex: An Interactive Debugger for SQL 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,013 Q-ACER: Query Aggregate Constraint Efficient Repair System 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,119 SHARQ: Explainability Framework for Association Rules on Relational Data 2025 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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