SlimChain: Scaling Blockchain Transactions through Off-Chain Storage and Parallel Processing
Summary: Stateless SlimChain offloads storage and execution to off-chain nodes, leaving only short on-chain commitments. Off-chain contract execution, on-chain validation, and sharding reduce on-chain storage by 97–99% and boost throughput 1.4–15.6×. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Cheng Xu (Hong Kong Baptist University; Simon Fraser University)
- 2. Ce Zhang (Hong Kong Baptist University)
- 3. Jianliang Xu (Hong Kong Baptist University)
- 4. Jian Pei (Simon Fraser University)
BibTeX Citation
@article{xu_vldb21,
title = {{SlimChain: Scaling Blockchain Transactions through Off-Chain Storage and Parallel Processing}},
author = {Xu, Cheng and Zhang, Ce and Xu, Jianliang and Pei, Jian},
journal = {PVLDB},
series = {{VLDB} '21},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {2314--2326},
doi = {10.14778/3476249.3476283},
url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3476249.3476283},
year = {2021}
}Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 8 of 8 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,410 | NeuChain: A Fast Permissioned Blockchain System with Deterministic Ordering | 2022 | VLDB | 6.6120059e-05 |
| 7,573 | A Framework for Privacy Preserving Localized Graph Pattern Query Processing | 2023 | SIGMOD | 5.4934674e-05 |
| 7,982 | InTime: Towards Performance Predictability In Byzantine Fault Tolerant Proof-of-Stake Consensus | 2025 | SIGMOD | 5.4131553e-05 |
| 9,079 | A Blockchain System for Clustered Federated Learning with Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Transfer | 2024 | VLDB | 5.2283159e-05 |
| 10,284 | Seer: Accelerating Blockchain Transaction Execution by Fine-Grained Branch Prediction | 2025 | VLDB | 5.0448662e-05 |
| 10,649 | Hyra: Scalable Byzantine-Resilient State Storage Engine with Hierarchical Erasure-Coding | 2026 | SIGMOD | 4.9793485e-05 |
| 10,847 | Remora: Scale-out Deterministic Execution for Smart Contracts | 2026 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
| 11,817 | L2chain: Towards High-performance, Confidential and Secure Layer-2 Blockchain Solution for Decentralized Applications | 2023 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 | A Critique of ANSI SQL Isolation Levels | 1995 | SIGMOD | 0.00058781151 |
| 237 | Serializable Isolation for Snapshot Databases | 2008 | SIGMOD | 0.00023660039 |
| 485 | BLOCKBENCH: A Framework for Analyzing Private Blockchains | 2017 | SIGMOD | 0.00017474502 |
| 663 | Towards Scaling Blockchain Systems via Sharding | 2019 | SIGMOD | 0.00014998433 |
| 1,039 | Blurring the Lines between Blockchains and Database Systems: the Case of Hyperledger Fabric | 2019 | SIGMOD | 0.00012367714 |
| 1,136 | BlockchainDB - A Shared Database on Blockchains | 2019 | VLDB | 0.00011875973 |
| 1,490 | vChain: Enabling Verifiable Boolean Range Queries over Blockchain Databases | 2019 | SIGMOD | 0.00010513439 |
| 1,577 | Blockchain Meets Database: Design and Implementation of a Blockchain Relational Database | 2019 | VLDB | 0.00010189541 |
| 1,824 | ResilientDB: Global Scale Resilient Blockchain Fabric | 2020 | VLDB | 9.5604465e-05 |
| 2,135 | A Transactional Perspective on Execute-order-validate Blockchains | 2020 | SIGMOD | 8.9903149e-05 |
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Semantically Similar Papers
| # | Overall Rank | Paper | Year | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4,410 | NeuChain: A Fast Permissioned Blockchain System with Deterministic Ordering | 2022 | VLDB |
| 2 | 1,577 | Blockchain Meets Database: Design and Implementation of a Blockchain Relational Database | 2019 | VLDB |
| 3 | 10,283 | Optimal Sharding for Scalable Blockchains with Deconstructed SMR | 2025 | VLDB |
| 4 | 1,136 | BlockchainDB - A Shared Database on Blockchains | 2019 | VLDB |
| 5 | 5,873 | FlexChain: An Elastic Disaggregated Blockchain | 2023 | VLDB |
| 6 | 12,044 | Cross-Blockchain Transactions | 2020 | CIDR |
| 7 | 3,215 | SharPer: Sharding Permissioned Blockchains Over Network Clusters | 2021 | SIGMOD |
| 8 | 7,204 | GriDB: Scaling Blockchain Database via Sharding and Off-Chain Cross-Shard Mechanism | 2023 | VLDB |
| 9 | 11,817 | L2chain: Towards High-performance, Confidential and Secure Layer-2 Blockchain Solution for Decentralized Applications | 2023 | VLDB |
| 10 | 663 | Towards Scaling Blockchain Systems via Sharding | 2019 | SIGMOD |