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Order Preserving Encryption for Numeric Data

Summary: Order-preserving encryption for numeric data enables direct comparisons on ciphertext with sound, complete query results. Updates require no re-encryption; standard indexes work on encrypted tables, and security holds against domain-ignorant attackers. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hd3f0dd26363c5f46
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2004
Pagerank
0.00021247386
Overall Rank
315 | 97.90%
DOI
10.1145/1007568.1007632

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{agrawal_sigmod04,
        title = {{Order Preserving Encryption for Numeric Data}},
        author = {Agrawal, Rakesh and Kiernan, Jerry and Srikant, Ramakrishnan and Xu, Yirong},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '04},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/1007568.1007632},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1007568.1007632},
        year = {2004}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 39 of 39 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,651 Arx: An Encrypted Database using Semantically Secure Encryption 2019 VLDB 9.9665279e-05
1,719 The Tao of Inference in Privacy-Protected Databases 2018 VLDB 9.7830522e-05
1,848 Authenticated Join Processing in Outsourced Databases 2009 SIGMOD 9.5022605e-05
2,194 Two Can Keep a Secret: A Distributed Architecture for Secure Database Services 2005 CIDR 8.8822913e-05
2,321 Secure kNN Computation on Encrypted Databases 2009 SIGMOD 8.6338201e-05
2,355 Answering Aggregation Queries in a Secure System Model 2007 VLDB 8.5719834e-05
3,367 Modular Order-Preserving Encryption, Revisited 2015 SIGMOD 7.3545904e-05
4,296 Querying Encrypted Data 2014 SIGMOD 6.6647442e-05
4,481 Fast Range Query Processing with Strong Privacy Protection for Cloud Computing 2014 VLDB 6.5660336e-05
4,791 Nearest Neighbor Search with Strong Location Privacy 2010 VLDB 6.401023e-05
4,870 Integrity Auditing of Outsourced Data 2007 VLDB 6.358695e-05
5,076 IncShrink: Architecting Efficient Outsourced Databases using Incremental MPC and Differential Privacy 2022 SIGMOD 6.2720607e-05
5,144 Secure Query Processing with Data Interoperability in a Cloud Database Environment 2014 SIGMOD 6.2413538e-05
5,269 A Comparative Evaluation of Order-Revealing Encryption Schemes and Secure Range-Query Protocols 2019 VLDB 6.1898764e-05
5,286 Structural Signatures for Tree Data Structures 2008 VLDB 6.1817617e-05
5,789 OpBoost: A Vertical Federated Tree Boosting Framework Based on Order-Preserving Desensitization 2023 VLDB 5.9762627e-05
6,323 Longshot: Indexing Growing Databases using MPC and Differential Privacy 2023 VLDB 5.7958256e-05
6,680 Range Search over Encrypted Multi-Attribute Data 2023 VLDB 5.6950181e-05
6,936 Adaptive Indexing over Encrypted Numeric Data 2016 SIGMOD 5.6248915e-05
7,234 Efficient Secure Query Evaluation over Encrypted XML Databases 2006 VLDB 5.5632363e-05
8,333 Over-encryption: Management of Access Control Evolution on Outsourced Data 2007 VLDB 5.3370034e-05
8,443 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.3148581e-05
8,500 DP-Sync: Hiding Update Patterns in Secure Outsourced Databases with Differential Privacy 2021 SIGMOD 5.3131213e-05
8,731 ENKI: Access Control for Encrypted Query Processing 2015 SIGMOD 5.2705676e-05
8,827 Pantheon: Private Retrieval from Public Key-Value Store 2023 VLDB 5.2535328e-05
8,864 Encrypted Databases: From Theory to Systems 2021 CIDR 5.2473965e-05
8,933 Practical and Secure Substring Search 2018 SIGMOD 5.2361195e-05
9,371 OBSCURE: Information-Theoretic Oblivious and Verifiable Aggregation Queries 2019 VLDB 5.1719598e-05
11,127 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,800 Cracking-Like Join for Trusted Execution Environments 2023 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,053 Comprehensible Counterfactual Explanation on Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test 2021 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,054 Cryptanalysis of An Encrypted Database in SIGMOD '14 2021 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,323 Cryptanalysis of Comparable Encryption in SIGMOD'16 2017 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
12,532 SQL/AA: Executing SQL on an Asymmetric Architecture 2014 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,538 RASP-QS: Efficient and Confidential Query Services in the Cloud 2014 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,614 eSkyline: Processing Skyline Queries over Encrypted Data 2013 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,620 Efficiency and Security in Similarity Cloud Services 2013 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,687 Secure and Privacy-Preserving Data Services in the Cloud: A Data Centric View 2012 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,024 Simultaneous Scalability and Security for Data-Intensive Web Applications 2006 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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