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Order Preserving Encryption for Numeric Data

Summary: Order-preserving encryption for numeric data enables direct comparisons on ciphertext with sound, complete query results. Updates require no re-encryption; standard indexes work on encrypted tables, and security holds against domain-ignorant attackers. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hd3f0dd26363c5f46
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2004
Pagerank
0.00021327947
Overall Rank
311 | 97.92%
DOI
10.1145/1007568.1007632

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{agrawal_sigmod04,
        title = {{Order Preserving Encryption for Numeric Data}},
        author = {Agrawal, Rakesh and Kiernan, Jerry and Srikant, Ramakrishnan and Xu, Yirong},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '04},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/1007568.1007632},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1007568.1007632},
        year = {2004}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 39 of 39 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,644 Arx: An Encrypted Database using Semantically Secure Encryption 2019 VLDB 0.00010004324
1,709 The Tao of Inference in Privacy-Protected Databases 2018 VLDB 9.8201503e-05
1,834 Authenticated Join Processing in Outsourced Databases 2009 SIGMOD 9.537823e-05
2,175 Two Can Keep a Secret: A Distributed Architecture for Secure Database Services 2005 CIDR 8.9159708e-05
2,307 Secure kNN Computation on Encrypted Databases 2009 SIGMOD 8.6665657e-05
2,343 Answering Aggregation Queries in a Secure System Model 2007 VLDB 8.604484e-05
3,357 Modular Order-Preserving Encryption, Revisited 2015 SIGMOD 7.3824757e-05
4,279 Querying Encrypted Data 2014 SIGMOD 6.6900221e-05
4,458 Fast Range Query Processing with Strong Privacy Protection for Cloud Computing 2014 VLDB 6.5909281e-05
4,769 Nearest Neighbor Search with Strong Location Privacy 2010 VLDB 6.4253006e-05
4,845 Integrity Auditing of Outsourced Data 2007 VLDB 6.3827725e-05
5,052 IncShrink: Architecting Efficient Outsourced Databases using Incremental MPC and Differential Privacy 2022 SIGMOD 6.2958492e-05
5,121 Secure Query Processing with Data Interoperability in a Cloud Database Environment 2014 SIGMOD 6.2650259e-05
5,245 A Comparative Evaluation of Order-Revealing Encryption Schemes and Secure Range-Query Protocols 2019 VLDB 6.2133532e-05
5,261 Structural Signatures for Tree Data Structures 2008 VLDB 6.2051762e-05
5,772 OpBoost: A Vertical Federated Tree Boosting Framework Based on Order-Preserving Desensitization 2023 VLDB 5.9989293e-05
6,307 Longshot: Indexing Growing Databases using MPC and Differential Privacy 2023 VLDB 5.8178079e-05
6,663 Range Search over Encrypted Multi-Attribute Data 2023 VLDB 5.7166181e-05
6,916 Adaptive Indexing over Encrypted Numeric Data 2016 SIGMOD 5.6462255e-05
7,211 Efficient Secure Query Evaluation over Encrypted XML Databases 2006 VLDB 5.5843345e-05
8,312 Over-encryption: Management of Access Control Evolution on Outsourced Data 2007 VLDB 5.3572454e-05
8,418 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.3350162e-05
8,478 DP-Sync: Hiding Update Patterns in Secure Outsourced Databases with Differential Privacy 2021 SIGMOD 5.3332727e-05
8,703 ENKI: Access Control for Encrypted Query Processing 2015 SIGMOD 5.2905577e-05
8,802 Pantheon: Private Retrieval from Public Key-Value Store 2023 VLDB 5.2734583e-05
8,837 Encrypted Databases: From Theory to Systems 2021 CIDR 5.2672987e-05
8,905 Practical and Secure Substring Search 2018 SIGMOD 5.2559789e-05
9,336 OBSCURE: Information-Theoretic Oblivious and Verifiable Aggregation Queries 2019 VLDB 5.1915759e-05
11,057 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,750 Cracking-Like Join for Trusted Execution Environments 2023 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,003 Comprehensible Counterfactual Explanation on Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test 2021 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,004 Cryptanalysis of An Encrypted Database in SIGMOD '14 2021 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,274 Cryptanalysis of Comparable Encryption in SIGMOD'16 2017 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,483 SQL/AA: Executing SQL on an Asymmetric Architecture 2014 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,489 RASP-QS: Efficient and Confidential Query Services in the Cloud 2014 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,565 eSkyline: Processing Skyline Queries over Encrypted Data 2013 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,571 Efficiency and Security in Similarity Cloud Services 2013 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,638 Secure and Privacy-Preserving Data Services in the Cloud: A Data Centric View 2012 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,976 Simultaneous Scalability and Security for Data-Intensive Web Applications 2006 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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