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The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles

Summary: R*-tree: joint optimization of area, margin, and overlap in inner nodes for rectangles and multidimensional points. Extensive experiments on a standardized testbed show it outperforms Guttman’s linear/quadratic R-trees and Greene’s variant across point/rectangle queries and map overlay, with efficient data support and only modest implementation cost. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hf9e5c18551cae259
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1990
Pagerank
0.0011405675
Overall Rank
4 | 99.98%
DOI
10.1145/93597.98741

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{beckmann_sigmod90,
        title = {{The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles}},
        author = {Beckmann, Norbert and Kriegel, Hans-Peter and Schneider, Ralf and Seeger, Bernhard},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '90},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/93597.98741},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/93597.98741},
        year = {1990}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 281 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
11,868 Approximate Range Thresholding 2022 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,874 tau-LevelIndex: Towards Efficient Query Processing in Continuous Preference Space 2022 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,090 Recommending Deployment Strategies for Collaborative Tasks 2020 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,150 Top-k Queries over Digital Traces 2019 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,272 Efficient Ad-Hoc Graph Inference and Matching in Biological Databases 2017 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,350 Range Thresholding on Streams 2016 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,420 Processing of Probabilistic Skyline Queries Using MapReduce 2015 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,433 AIDE: An Automatic User Navigation System for Interactive Data Exploration 2015 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,549 Statistics Collection in Oracle Spatial and Graph: Fast Histogram Construction for Complex Geometry Objects 2013 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,579 QuEval: Beyond high-dimensional indexing à la carte 2013 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,594 Indexability of 2D Range Search Revisited: Constant Redundancy and Weak Indivisibility 2012 PODS 4.9793485e-05
12,755 Efficient Skyline Evaluation over Partially Ordered Domains 2010 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,763 Transforming Range Queries To Equivalent Box Queries To Optimize Page Access 2010 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,895 Towards Efficient Main-Memory Use For Optimum Tree Index Update 2008 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,950 IndeGS: Index Supported Graphics Data Server for CFD Data Postprocessing 2007 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,980 Efficient Query Processing on Unstructured Tetrahedral Meshes 2006 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,984 CS Cache Engine: Data Access Accelerator for Location-Based Services in Mobile Environments 2006 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
13,004 Indexing for Function Approximation 2006 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,047 Efficiently Processing Queries on Interval-and-Value Tuples in Relational Databases 2005 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,066 ITQS: An Integrated Transport Query System 2004 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
13,084 Efficiency-Quality Tradeoffs for Vector Score Aggregation 2004 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,108 The ND-Tree: A Dynamic Indexing Technique for Multidimensional Non-ordered Discrete Data Spaces 2003 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,111 Improving Performance with Bulk-Inserts in Oracle R-Trees 2003 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,134 A One-Pass Aggregation Algorithm with the Optimal Buffer Size in Multidimensional OLAP 2002 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,153 Fast Evaluation Techniques for Complex Similarity Queries 2001 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,154 An Extendible Hash for Multi-Precision Similarity Querying of Image Databases 2001 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,230 Fast High-Dimensional Data Search in Incomplete Databases 1998 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,234 Algorithms for Querying by Spatial Structure 1998 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,240 Multimedia Support for Databases 1997 PODS 4.9793485e-05
13,289 Paradise: A Database System for GIS Applications 1995 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
14,624 GENESYS: A System for Efficient Spatial Query Processing 1994 SIGMOD -
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.001992968
116 Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees 1985 SIGMOD 0.00031645463
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