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Tree Indexing on Solid State Drives

Summary: FD-tree: a write-optimized SSD index using a head B+-tree and bottom-run merges with fractional cascading fences. It achieves O(log_B n) sequential I/Os for updates and O(log_B n) random I/Os for searches, delivering competitive reads with B+-trees and superior overall performance on flash and disks. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
10054
Venue
VLDB
Year
2010
Pagerank
0.00020031827
Overall Rank
563 | 96.09%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
379 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.0002493527
609 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.0001923446
1,311 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00012657439
1,338 Query Processing on Smart SSDs: Opportunities and Challenges 2013 SIGMOD 0.00012493384
1,366 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00012357685
1,913 BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing 2014 VLDB 0.00010113937
2,109 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 9.5318694e-05
2,223 SkimpyStash: RAM Space Skimpy Key-Value Store on Flash-based Storage 2011 SIGMOD 9.2568088e-05
2,387 LazyFTL: A Page-level Flash Translation Layer Optimized for NAND Flash Memory 2011 SIGMOD 8.9175191e-05
2,606 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 8.4645832e-05
3,365 Turbocharging DBMS Buffer Pool Using SSDs 2011 SIGMOD 7.1728897e-05
3,386 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 7.1577103e-05
3,544 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 6.9898874e-05
3,777 A Hybrid B+-tree as Solution for In-Memory Indexing on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Computing Platforms 2016 SIGMOD 6.7750901e-05
4,130 B+-tree Index Optimization by Exploiting Internal Parallelism of Flash-based Solid State Drives 2012 VLDB 6.4256779e-05
4,914 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 5.8315684e-05
5,119 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 5.6807904e-05
5,225 Optimizing Databases by Learning Hidden Parameters of Solid State Drives 2020 VLDB 5.6194324e-05
6,920 Towards Cost-Effective Storage Provisioning for DBMSs 2012 VLDB 4.8925595e-05
7,472 GeckoFTL: Scalable Flash Translation Techniques For Very Large Flash Devices 2016 SIGMOD 4.7199619e-05
8,097 When Database Meets New Storage Devices: Understanding and Exposing Performance Mismatches via Configurations 2023 VLDB 4.5860503e-05
8,101 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5854141e-05
8,266 Lightweight Indexing of Observational Data in Log-Structured Storage 2014 VLDB 4.5458861e-05
8,627 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 4.4829101e-05
9,465 Disco: A Compact Index for LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.3350926e-05
11,445 Learning Algorithms for Automatic Data Structure Design 2021 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,914 A Secure Search Engine for the Personal Cloud 2015 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,963 A Scalable Search Engine for Mass Storage Smart Objects 2015 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
12,019 When Data Management Systems Meet Approximate Hardware: Challenges and Opportunities 2014 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
345 Design of Flash-Based DBMS: An In-Page Logging Approach 2007 SIGMOD 0.00026677681
493 A Case for Flash Memory SSD in Enterprise Database Applications 2008 SIGMOD 0.00021837534
823 Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LHAM Log-Structured History Data Access Method 1998 VLDB 0.000162378
1,077 Incremental Organization for Data Recording and Warehousing 1997 VLDB 0.00014247204
1,091 Lazy-Adaptive Tree: An Optimized Index Structure for Flash Devices 2009 VLDB 0.00014142229
1,109 FlashLogging: Exploiting Flash Devices for Synchronous Logging Performance 2009 SIGMOD 0.00013976056
1,295 uFLIP: Understanding Flash IO Patterns 2009 CIDR 0.00012758832
1,480 Write-Optimized B-Trees 2004 VLDB 0.00011746722
1,653 Query Processing Techniques for Solid State Drives 2009 SIGMOD 0.00011003558
2,396 A Novel Index Supporting High Volume Data Warehouse Insertions 1999 VLDB 8.8997169e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,256 Advances in Flash Memory SSD Technology for Enterprise Database Applications 2009 SIGMOD 5.6010828e-05
7,390 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7431654e-05
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4,130 B+-tree Index Optimization by Exploiting Internal Parallelism of Flash-based Solid State Drives 2012 VLDB 6.4256779e-05
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