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Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory

Summary: Proposes write-atomic B+-Trees (wB+-Trees) for persistent in-memory indexes on NVMM, with a compact slot array/bitmap to minimize entry movement and enable atomic writes. Shows 8.8x/27.1x speedups for inserts/deletes with good search; Memcached gains 3.8x. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
11190
Venue
VLDB
Year
2015
Pagerank
0.00016409797
Overall Rank
809 | 94.38%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
643 FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00018733394
1,306 BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory 2018 VLDB 0.00012674725
1,649 Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011006201
1,823 Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 0.00010403355
1,835 Write-Behind Logging 2017 VLDB 0.00010356306
2,508 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 8.6251065e-05
2,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5569576e-05
2,986 DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 7.7757727e-05
3,341 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes 2020 VLDB 7.1984492e-05
3,937 How to Build a Non-Volatile Memory Database Management System 2017 SIGMOD 6.6114468e-05
3,945 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.605467e-05
4,900 Persistent Memory Hash Indexes: An Experimental Evaluation 2021 VLDB 5.8418066e-05
5,433 Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores 2020 VLDB 5.5086304e-05
5,601 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 5.4158958e-05
6,226 When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories 2023 SIGMOD 5.1413982e-05
6,242 Optimizing In-memory Database Engine for AI-powered On-line Decision Augmentation Using Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 5.1351431e-05
6,466 NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems 2022 VLDB 5.04625e-05
6,536 Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table 2022 VLDB 5.0182211e-05
6,674 Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery 2022 SIGMOD 4.9619472e-05
7,040 NVM: Is it Not Very Meaningful for Databases? 2023 VLDB 4.8493186e-05
7,074 Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory 2021 VLDB 4.8372993e-05
7,092 Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 4.83025e-05
7,480 Buffered Persistence in B+ Trees 2024 SIGMOD 4.7135369e-05
7,631 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 4.6878629e-05
7,872 PiBench Online: Interactive Benchmarking of Persistent Memory Indexes 2020 VLDB 4.6264246e-05
8,124 DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems 2024 VLDB 4.5765641e-05
8,215 Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index 2023 SIGMOD 4.5522624e-05
8,481 Cost Modelling for Optimal Data Placement in Heterogeneous Main Memory 2022 VLDB 4.4967042e-05
8,831 Hamming Tree: The Case for Energy-Aware Indexing for NVMs 2023 SIGMOD 4.4360431e-05
8,990 The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 4.4115395e-05
9,101 Tair-PMem: A Fully Durable Non-Volatile Memory Database 2022 VLDB 4.3916327e-05
9,281 Extending the Lifetime of NVM: Challenges and Opportunities 2021 VLDB 4.3599319e-05
9,347 NV-SQL: Boosting OLTP Performance with Non-Volatile DIMMs 2023 VLDB 4.3512358e-05
9,424 Data Structure Engineering For Byte-Addressable Non-Volatile Memory 2017 SIGMOD 4.3399748e-05
9,861 Sage: Parallel Semi-Asymmetric Graph Algorithms for NVRAMs 2020 VLDB 4.2642656e-05
10,191 PartitionKV: Redesigning LSM-tree KV Stores on NVMs with Adaptive Partitioning for Reducing Write Stalls and Amplification 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,200 RadixGraph: A Fast, Space-Optimized Data Structure for Dynamic Graph Storage 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,257 SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,788 From Scale-Up to Scale-Out: PolarDB's Journey to Achieving 2 Billion tpmC 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
11,840 A Study of Sorting Algorithms on Approximate Memory 2016 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4 Pregel: A System for Large-Scale Graph Processing 2010 SIGMOD 0.0019040811
87 Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine 2013 SIGMOD 0.00052844656
104 Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory 2000 SIGMOD 0.00049475932
622 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00018976783
687 Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory 2011 CIDR 0.00018097447
954 Storage Management in the NVRAM Era 2014 VLDB 0.0001509523
1,915 Integrating Reliable Memory in Databases 1997 VLDB 0.00010111449
2,257 Write-limited sorts and joins for persistent memory 2014 VLDB 9.1808674e-05
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