LIO: A lightweight and interpretable query optimizer based on an evolutionary forest

Summary: LIO is a learning-based query optimizer that uses genetic programming to evolve feature subsets for a random forest, targeting the accuracy/overhead/interpretability tradeoff. Its forest outputs act as explanations to steer hint refinement, while tree pruning shrinks the model without large performance loss. (summarized by gpt-5.4-mini on Apr 12 2026)

Paper ID: 14262
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2026
Pagerank: 4.1905499e-05
Overall Rank: 10,225 | 28.94%
DOI: 10.14778/3797919.3797920

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Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
71	How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really?	2016	VLDB	0.00059446482
329	Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer	2019	VLDB	0.00027301488
634	Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical	2021	SIGMOD	0.00018844568
804	An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator	2020	VLDB	0.0001643674
876	Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction	2019	VLDB	0.00015660534
1,404	DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual"	2022	SIGMOD	0.00012179714
1,856	AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations	2019	SIGMOD	0.00010319105
2,090	Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations	2022	SIGMOD	9.5668285e-05
2,781	Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter	2021	VLDB	8.1282042e-05
2,937	DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems	2021	VLDB	7.8552033e-05
3,105	GPTuner: A Manual-Reading Database Tuning System via GPT-Guided Bayesian Optimization	2024	VLDB	7.5567226e-05
3,167	QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation	2022	VLDB	7.4561078e-05
3,236	TPC-DS, Taking Decision Support Benchmarking to the Next Level	2002	SIGMOD	7.3294564e-05
3,345	Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer	2023	VLDB	7.1908499e-05
3,729	Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection	2022	VLDB	6.8078013e-05
4,464	LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans	2023	VLDB	6.1552798e-05
4,800	Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload	2021	SIGMOD	5.9077188e-05
5,931	FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective	2023	VLDB	5.2632167e-05
8,479	Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases?	2026	SIGMOD	4.4967983e-05
9,194	MLOS in Action: Bridging the Gap Between Experimentation and Auto-Tuning in the Cloud	2024	VLDB	4.3726269e-05

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3,658	Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning	2019	CIDR	6.8700949e-05
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