Synthesizing Independent Database Schemas

Summary: Extends Bernstein-style synthesis to produce independent representations of a universal schema under FDs, ensuring lossless-join and faithful-closure (⋃ Fi^+ = F^+). Independence is tested by whether Xi → U ∈ F^+; if false, add a key and synthesize minimal independent 3NF schemas via Aho–Beeri–Ullman proofs. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 2168
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 1979
Pagerank: 0.0001686137
Overall Rank: 540 | 96.30%
DOI: 10.1145/582095.582118

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Joachim Biskup (Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen)
2. Umeshwar Dayal (Harvard University)
3. Philip A. Bernstein (Harvard University)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{biskup_sigmod79,
        title = {{Synthesizing Independent Database Schemas}},
        author = {Biskup, Joachim and Dayal, Umeshwar and Bernstein, Philip A.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '79},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/582095.582118},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/582095.582118},
        year = {1979}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
266	Can We Use The Universal Instance Assumption Without Using Nulls?	1981	SIGMOD	0.00022823892
2,044	Detecting Logic Bugs of Join Optimizations in DBMS	2023	SIGMOD	9.2663577e-05
2,289	Windows On The World	1983	SIGMOD	8.7994393e-05
3,006	A Formal View Integration Method	1986	SIGMOD	7.8585435e-05
3,222	Comprehensive Approach to the Design of Relational Database Schemes	1984	VLDB	7.6260706e-05
3,437	Reflections on Boyce-Codd Normal Form	1982	VLDB	7.4157489e-05
3,609	Embedded Functional Dependencies and Data-completeness Tailored Database Design	2019	VLDB	7.2602055e-05
3,648	A Universal Relation Database System Implemented Via the Network Model	1982	PODS	7.2267453e-05
4,259	Database Decomposition into Fourth Normal Form	1983	VLDB	6.798826e-05
4,606	Updating a Relational Database through a Universal Schema Interface	1985	PODS	6.6090168e-05
5,690	Normalizing Property Graphs	2023	VLDB	6.1205402e-05
6,123	Algebraic Versus Probabilistic Independence in Data Bases (Extended Abstract)	1985	PODS	5.9685027e-05
8,977	Designing Globally Consistent Network Schemas	1983	SIGMOD	5.3406923e-05
10,781	Synthesizing Third Normal Form Schemata that Minimize Integrity Maintenance and Update Overheads: Parameterizing 3NF by the Numbers of Minimal Keys and Functional Dependencies	2025	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
11,221	Mixed Covers of Keys and Functional Dependencies for Maintaining the Integrity of Data under Updates	2024	VLDB	5.093636e-05
11,379	Composite Object Normal Forms: Parameterizing Boyce-Codd Normal Form by the Number of Minimal Keys	2023	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
11,688	Logical Schema Design that Quantifies Update Inefficiency and Join Efficiency	2021	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
12,055	SQL Schema Design: Foundations, Normal Forms, and Normalization	2016	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
13,208	Relaxing the Universal Relation Scheme Assumption	1985	PODS	5.093636e-05
13,219	A High-Level User Interface for Update and Retrieval in Relational Databases - Language Aspects	1985	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
495	A Complete Axiomatization For Functional And Multivalued Dependencies In Database Relations	1977	SIGMOD	0.00017513721

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	1,537	Assumptions in Relational Database Theory	1982	PODS
2	6,153	Independent and Separable Database Schemes	1983	PODS
3	13,260	A Systematic Approach to Relational Database Theory	1982	SIGMOD
4	3,609	Embedded Functional Dependencies and Data-completeness Tailored Database Design	2019	VLDB
5	13,184	Independent Database Schemes Under Functional and Inclusion Dependencies	1987	VLDB
6	742	Independent Database Schemas (Extended Abstract)	1982	PODS
7	9,332	Unifying Functional and Multivalued Dependencies for Relational Database Design	1986	PODS
8	6,698	Properties Of Database Schemata With Functional Dependencies	1984	PODS
9	10,781	Synthesizing Third Normal Form Schemata that Minimize Integrity Maintenance and Update Overheads: Parameterizing 3NF by the Numbers of Minimal Keys and Functional Dependencies	2025	SIGMOD
10	3,222	Comprehensive Approach to the Design of Relational Database Schemes	1984	VLDB