The Design Of Postgres

Summary: Presents POSTGRES, a successor to INGRES, with object support and user extensibility for data types, operators, and access methods. Adds alerters/triggers, forward/backward inference, and simplified crash recovery; hardware-aware design for optical disks, multi-processor workstations, and VLSI, with minimal changes to the relational model. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 2321
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 1986
Pagerank: 0.00071946446
Overall Rank: 44 | 99.70%
DOI: -

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Michael Stonebraker
2. Lawrence A. Rowe

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 100 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5,305	The Partial Normalized Storage Model of Nested Relations	1988	VLDB	5.5726276e-05
5,539	Tapes Hold Data, Too: Challenges of Tuples on Tertiary Store	1993	SIGMOD	5.45182e-05
5,611	An Object-Oriented Database System for Engineering Applications	1987	SIGMOD	5.4105236e-05
5,651	Object-Oriented Database Support for Software Environments	1987	SIGMOD	5.3886977e-05
6,025	Securing history: Privacy and accountability in database systems	2007	CIDR	5.2365238e-05
6,101	Blockchains vs. Distributed Databases: Dichotomy and Fusion	2021	SIGMOD	5.206206e-05
6,161	Conflict Resolution Of Rules Assigning Values To Virtual Attributes	1989	SIGMOD	5.1744348e-05
6,258	A Temporal Knowledge Representation Model OSAM*/T and Its Query Language OQL/T	1991	VLDB	5.1307627e-05
6,274	Diva: Making MVCC Systems HTAP-Friendly	2022	SIGMOD	5.1268676e-05
6,309	Long-lived Transactions Made Less Harmful	2020	SIGMOD	5.112289e-05
6,465	Research Directions in Object-Oriented Database Systems	1990	PODS	5.0464278e-05
6,518	How Good is My HTAP System?	2022	SIGMOD	5.0250374e-05
6,788	Proteus: Autonomous Adaptive Storage for Mixed Workloads	2022	SIGMOD	4.9207259e-05
6,831	Keep CALM and CRDT On	2023	VLDB	4.9077892e-05
6,901	Disclosure-Compliant Query Answering	2024	SIGMOD	4.8878659e-05
7,230	Anarchy in the Database: A Survey and Evaluation of Database Management System Extensibility	2025	VLDB	4.789692e-05
7,247	A Scalable and Generic Approach to Range Joins	2022	VLDB	4.7846107e-05
7,793	Subjective Databases	2019	VLDB	4.6449823e-05
8,027	ADOPT: Adaptively Optimizing Attribute Orders for Worst-Case Optimal Join Algorithms via Reinforcement Learning	2023	VLDB	4.5986382e-05
8,165	Scalable and Robust Snapshot Isolation for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	4.5680112e-05
8,197	Elimination of Views and Redundant Variables in an SQL-like Database Language for Extended NF^2 Structures	1990	VLDB	4.5562117e-05
8,327	Freeform: A User-Adaptable Form Management System	1987	VLDB	4.5392079e-05
8,410	Pruning in Snowflake: Working Smarter, Not Harder	2025	SIGMOD	4.5154358e-05
8,596	LST-Bench: Benchmarking Log-Structured Tables in the Cloud	2024	SIGMOD	4.4839589e-05
8,616	Nexus: Correlation Discovery over Collections of Spatio-Temporal Tabular Data	2024	SIGMOD	4.4795277e-05
8,676	A Practical Approach to Groupjoin and Nested Aggregates	2021	VLDB	4.4652082e-05
8,881	Second-Order Signature: A Tool for Specifying Data Models, Query Processing, and Optimization	1993	SIGMOD	4.4252575e-05
9,102	AlayaDB: The Data Foundation for Efficient and Effective Long-context LLM Inference	2025	SIGMOD	4.3916067e-05
9,191	POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance	2024	VLDB	4.3738237e-05
9,234	Modyn: Data-Centric Machine Learning Pipeline Orchestration	2025	SIGMOD	4.3648789e-05
9,245	Optimizing Disjunctive Queries with Tagged Execution	2024	SIGMOD	4.3648789e-05
9,478	Adda: Towards Efficient in-Database Feature Generation via LLM-based Agents	2025	SIGMOD	4.3300131e-05
9,701	Evaluating Query Languages and Systems for High-Energy Physics Data	2022	VLDB	4.2967256e-05
9,824	Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement	2025	SIGMOD	4.2710095e-05
10,643	Saving Private Hash Join	2025	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
10,721	Towards Designing Future-Proof Data Processing Systems	2025	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
11,024	SeLeP: Learning Based Semantic Prefetching for Exploratory Database Workloads	2024	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
11,040	Spectrum: Speedy and Strictly-Deterministic Smart Contract Transactions for Blockchain Ledgers	2024	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
11,056	Efficient Enumeration of Recursive Plans in Transformation-based Query Optimizers	2024	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
11,072	Hardware-Efficient Data Imputation through DBMS Extensibility	2024	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
11,133	The Vadalog Parallel System: Distributed Reasoning with Datalog+/-	2024	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
11,151	mutable: A Modern DBMS for Research and Fast Prototyping	2023	CIDR	4.1905499e-05
11,300	Demonstrating ADOPT: Adaptively Optimizing Attribute Orders for Worst-Case Optimal Joins via Reinforcement Learning	2023	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
12,469	Inverse Functions in the AquaLogic Data Services Platform	2007	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
12,825	Processing Object-Oriented Queries with Invertible Late Bound Functions	1995	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
12,912	Experiences With an Object Manager for a Process-Centered Environment	1992	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
12,922	Trait: An Attribute Management System for VLSI Design Objects	1991	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
12,953	Extending a Relational Database with Deferred Referential Integrity Checking and Intelligent Joins	1989	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
12,978	Rapid Application Prototyping: The PROQUEL Language	1988	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
13,010	Panel on Extensible Database Systems	1986	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
2	R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching	1984	SIGMOD	0.0032118946
5	The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes	1981	SIGMOD	0.0018380955
32	Differential Files: Their Application To The Maintenance Of Large Data Bases	1976	SIGMOD	0.00077553033
68	The Database Language GEM	1983	SIGMOD	0.00060817676
69	Implementation of Integrity Constraints and Views by Query Modification	1975	SIGMOD	0.00060388875
86	Making Smalltalk a Database System	1984	SIGMOD	0.0005348843
450	Data Abstraction, Views And Updates In Rigel	1979	SIGMOD	0.00022843355
580	Quel As A Data Type	1984	SIGMOD	0.00019775101
1,329	Data Constructors: On the Integration of Rules and Relations	1985	VLDB	0.00012563614
1,440	An Extensible Object-Oriented Approach to Databases for VLSI/CAD	1985	VLDB	0.00011951528
1,654	Database Portals: A New Application Program Interface	1984	VLDB	0.00010984657
2,159	An Implementation of Hypothetical Relations	1983	VLDB	9.4077408e-05
2,674	"Fill-in-the-Form" Programming	1985	VLDB	8.3319392e-05

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1,426	Don't be lazy, be consistent: Postgres-R, A new way to implement Database Replication	2000	VLDB	0.00012034536
1,416	A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures	1988	VLDB	0.00012097722
10	Benchmarking Database Systems: A Systematic Approach	1983	VLDB	0.0012093675
7,445	An Automated, Yet Interactive and Portable DB Designer	2010	SIGMOD	4.7235588e-05
315	Distributed Query Processing In A Relational Data Base System	1978	SIGMOD	0.00028022592
429	The Design Of Xprs	1988	VLDB	0.00023497848
3,350	Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD	7.1867845e-05
3,742	Query Processing in Tertiary Memory Databases	1995	VLDB	6.7950057e-05
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26	The Design Of The Postgres Storage System	1987	VLDB	0.00082350905