The Design Of Postgres

Summary: Presents POSTGRES, a successor to INGRES, with object support and user extensibility for data types, operators, and access methods. Adds alerters/triggers, forward/backward inference, and simplified crash recovery; hardware-aware design for optical disks, multi-processor workstations, and VLSI, with minimal changes to the relational model. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 2382
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 1986
Pagerank: 0.00049302774
Overall Rank: 34 | 99.77%
DOI: 10.1145/16894.16888

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Michael Stonebraker (University of California Berkeley)
2. Lawrence A. Rowe (University of California Berkeley)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{stonebraker_sigmod86,
        title = {{THE DESIGN OF POSTGRES}},
        author = {Stonebraker, Michael and Rowe, Lawrence A.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '86},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/16894.16888},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/16894.16888},
        year = {1986}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 100 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
43	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00046060254
98	Encapsulation of Parallelism in the Volcano Query Processing System	1990	SIGMOD	0.00034510605
99	The Design of the POSTGRES Storage System	1987	VLDB	0.00034506601
119	The EXODUS Optimizer Generator	1987	SIGMOD	0.0003183602
132	Predicate Migration: Optimizing Queries with Expensive Predicates	1993	SIGMOD	0.00030378624
146	On Rules, Procedures, Caching And Views In Data Base Systems	1990	SIGMOD	0.00029540467
192	Grammar-like Functional Rules for Representing Query Optimization Alternatives	1988	SIGMOD	0.00026028406
239	Overview of SciDB: Large Scale Array Storage, Processing and Analysis	2010	SIGMOD	0.00023674329
268	Extensible Query Processing in Starburst	1989	SIGMOD	0.00022788687
283	Object and File Management in the EXODUS Extensible Database System	1986	VLDB	0.00022377907
406	AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data	2020	VLDB	0.00019054532
497	The Design of XPRS	1988	VLDB	0.00017462492
583	Global Query Optimization	1986	SIGMOD	0.00016145442
615	A Rule-Based View of Query Optimization	1987	SIGMOD	0.00015720167
720	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014632914
726	Client-Server Paradise	1994	VLDB	0.0001460632
733	Serializable Snapshot Isolation in PostgreSQL	2012	VLDB	0.00014533437
790	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.0001401445
903	An Empirical Evaluation of In-Memory Multi-Version Concurrency Control	2017	VLDB	0.0001332486
934	Selectivity Estimation and Query Optimization in Large Databases with Highly Skewed Distributions of Column Values	1988	VLDB	0.00013108714
935	Programming Constructs for Database System Implementation in EXODUS	1987	SIGMOD	0.00013100709
1,118	The POSTGRES Data Model	1987	VLDB	0.00012104924
1,159	Relational Transducers for Electronic Commerce	1998	PODS	0.00011898742
1,228	A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	0.00011579246
1,359	GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases	1994	VLDB	0.00011040427
1,377	A Data Management Extension Architecture	1987	SIGMOD	0.00010972063
1,428	Implementing Large Production Systems in a DBMS Environment: Concepts and Algorithms	1988	SIGMOD	0.00010811922
1,705	Split-Transactions for Open-Ended Activities	1988	VLDB	9.9629987e-05
1,821	Composite Objects Revisted	1989	SIGMOD	9.6781145e-05
2,590	Extensible Buffer Management of Indexes	1992	VLDB	8.3696843e-05
2,628	Gral: An Extensible Relational Database System for Geometric Applications	1989	VLDB	8.326647e-05
2,776	Segment Indexes: Dynamic Indexing Techniques for Multi-Dimensional Interval Data	1991	SIGMOD	8.1356669e-05
2,805	LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud	2012	VLDB	8.1044134e-05
2,924	Constant Time Recovery in Azure SQL Database	2019	VLDB	7.9562091e-05
2,975	Monitoring Database Objects	1989	VLDB	7.9077995e-05
3,153	Implementing an Interpreter for Functional Rules in a Query Optimizer	1988	VLDB	7.6976958e-05
3,233	Implementation of a Compiler for a Semantic Data Model: Experiences with Taxis	1987	SIGMOD	7.6174587e-05
3,397	Querying in highly mobile distributed environments	1992	VLDB	7.4470198e-05
3,469	Extended User-Defined Indexing with Application to Textual Databases	1988	VLDB	7.3893582e-05
3,549	DBOS: A DBMS-oriented Operating System	2022	VLDB	7.3212765e-05
3,576	Two Birds, One Stone: A Fast, yet Lightweight, Indexing Scheme for Modern Database Systems	2017	VLDB	7.2936598e-05
3,790	OODB Indexing by Class-Division	1995	SIGMOD	7.1239529e-05
4,146	Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD	6.8732593e-05
4,156	Citus: Distributed PostgreSQL for Data-Intensive Applications	2021	SIGMOD	6.86587e-05
4,364	PRIMA - a DBMS Prototype Supporting Engineering Applications	1987	VLDB	6.7411088e-05
4,387	Threats to Privacy in the Forensic Analysis of Database Systems	2007	SIGMOD	6.7308761e-05
4,724	Processing Queries Against Database Procedures: A Performance Analysis	1988	SIGMOD	6.5378287e-05
5,218	Using Write Protected Data Structures To Improve Software Fault Tolerance in Highly Available Database Management Systems	1991	VLDB	6.311233e-05
5,350	Storage Reclamation in Object Oriented Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD	6.256011e-05
5,602	How Good is My HTAP System?	2022	SIGMOD	6.1538237e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
2	R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching	1984	SIGMOD	0.0020210012
8	The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes	1981	SIGMOD	0.00082404462
59	Differential Files: Their Application To The Maintenance Of Large Data Bases	1976	SIGMOD	0.00040060625
81	Implementation of Integrity Constraints and Views by Query Modification	1975	SIGMOD	0.00036443459
92	The Database Language GEM	1983	SIGMOD	0.00034759032
147	Making Smalltalk a Database System	1984	SIGMOD	0.00029474235
750	Data Abstraction, Views And Updates In Rigel	1979	SIGMOD	0.00014379744
1,099	Quel As A Data Type	1984	SIGMOD	0.0001217465
1,980	Data Constructors: On the Integration of Rules and Relations	1985	VLDB	9.3613411e-05
2,011	An Extensible Object-Oriented Approach to Databases for VLSI/CAD	1985	VLDB	9.3080548e-05
2,480	Database Portals: A New Application Program Interface	1984	VLDB	8.5201824e-05
2,705	An Implementation of Hypothetical Relations	1983	VLDB	8.2304282e-05
3,138	"Fill-in-the-Form" Programming	1985	VLDB	7.7191822e-05

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#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	1,247	Don't be lazy, be consistent: Postgres-R, A new way to implement Database Replication	2000	VLDB
2	1,816	A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures	1988	VLDB
3	45	Benchmarking Database Systems: A Systematic Approach	1983	VLDB
4	7,346	An Automated, Yet Interactive and Portable DB Designer	2010	SIGMOD
5	386	Distributed Query Processing In A Relational Data Base System	1978	SIGMOD
6	497	The Design of XPRS	1988	VLDB
7	4,146	Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD
8	3,760	Query Processing in Tertiary Memory Databases	1995	VLDB
9	1,118	The POSTGRES Data Model	1987	VLDB
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