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FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory

Summary: FPTree is a hybrid SCM-DRAM persistent B+-Tree with leaves in SCM and inner nodes in DRAM (rebuilt on recovery). It uses fingerprinting to cap in-leaf probes and a partial HTM-based concurrency scheme, delivering up to 8.2x speedups and 88-core scalability, with memcached/DB integration. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5279
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2016
Pagerank
0.00018733394
Overall Rank
643 | 95.54%
DOI
10.1145/2882903.2915251

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 54 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,306 BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory 2018 VLDB 0.00012674725
1,649 Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011006201
1,823 Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 0.00010403355
2,508 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 8.6251065e-05
2,986 DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 7.7757727e-05
3,050 Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store 2021 VLDB 7.6491863e-05
3,341 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes 2020 VLDB 7.1984492e-05
3,588 Query Fresh: Log Shipping on Steroids 2018 VLDB 6.9389605e-05
3,937 How to Build a Non-Volatile Memory Database Management System 2017 SIGMOD 6.6114468e-05
3,945 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.605467e-05
4,269 Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.2950779e-05
4,576 SAP HANA Adoption of Non-Volatile Memory 2017 VLDB 6.0660324e-05
4,900 Persistent Memory Hash Indexes: An Experimental Evaluation 2021 VLDB 5.8418066e-05
5,130 Memory Management Techniques for Large-Scale Persistent-Main-Memory Systems 2017 VLDB 5.6721688e-05
5,362 Rethinking Logging, Checkpoints, and Recovery for High-Performance Storage Engines 2020 SIGMOD 5.5474601e-05
5,433 Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores 2020 VLDB 5.5086304e-05
5,601 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 5.4158958e-05
6,138 SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes 2022 CIDR 5.1894698e-05
6,226 When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories 2023 SIGMOD 5.1413982e-05
6,242 Optimizing In-memory Database Engine for AI-powered On-line Decision Augmentation Using Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 5.1351431e-05
6,314 HydraList: A Scalable In-Memory Index Using Asynchronous Updates and Partial Replication 2020 VLDB 5.1108651e-05
6,466 NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems 2022 VLDB 5.04625e-05
6,536 Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table 2022 VLDB 5.0182211e-05
6,566 Robust Performance of Main Memory Data Structures by Configuration 2020 SIGMOD 5.0030559e-05
6,674 Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery 2022 SIGMOD 4.9619472e-05
6,997 PetPS: Supporting Huge Embedding Models with Persistent Memory 2023 VLDB 4.8629617e-05
7,004 X-SSD: A Storage System with Native Support for Database Logging and Replication 2022 SIGMOD 4.8607362e-05
7,074 Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory 2021 VLDB 4.8372993e-05
7,092 Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory 2021 VLDB 4.83025e-05
7,136 AHEAD: Adaptable Data Hardening for On-the-Fly Hardware Error Detection during Database Query Processing 2018 SIGMOD 4.8171467e-05
7,631 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 4.6878629e-05
7,872 PiBench Online: Interactive Benchmarking of Persistent Memory Indexes 2020 VLDB 4.6264246e-05
8,124 DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems 2024 VLDB 4.5765641e-05
8,215 Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index 2023 SIGMOD 4.5522624e-05
8,481 Cost Modelling for Optimal Data Placement in Heterogeneous Main Memory 2022 VLDB 4.4967042e-05
8,595 OptiQL: Robust Optimistic Locking for Memory-Optimized Indexes 2023 SIGMOD 4.4844188e-05
8,831 Hamming Tree: The Case for Energy-Aware Indexing for NVMs 2023 SIGMOD 4.4360431e-05
8,990 The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 4.4115395e-05
9,100 PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access 2022 VLDB 4.3916327e-05
9,101 Tair-PMem: A Fully Durable Non-Volatile Memory Database 2022 VLDB 4.3916327e-05
9,232 H-Rocks: CPU-GPU accelerated Heterogeneous RocksDB on Persistent Memory 2025 SIGMOD 4.3648789e-05
9,281 Extending the Lifetime of NVM: Challenges and Opportunities 2021 VLDB 4.3599319e-05
9,370 FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage 2024 VLDB 4.3461752e-05
9,371 BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System 2024 VLDB 4.3461752e-05
9,424 Data Structure Engineering For Byte-Addressable Non-Volatile Memory 2017 SIGMOD 4.3399748e-05
10,048 Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,151 DART: A Lock-free Two-layer Hashed ART Index for Disaggregated Memory 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,257 SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,281 Operation-Aware Hybrid Locking for Modern In-Memory Indexes 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,380 B-Trees Are Back: Engineering Fast and Pageable Node Layouts 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
104 Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory 2000 SIGMOD 0.00049475932
687 Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory 2011 CIDR 0.00018097447
756 FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM 2015 SIGMOD 0.00017079523
781 Scalable Logging through Emerging Non-Volatile Memory 2014 VLDB 0.00016667457
809 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.00016409797
940 Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems 2015 SIGMOD 0.00015149366
954 Storage Management in the NVRAM Era 2014 VLDB 0.0001509523
2,257 Write-limited sorts and joins for persistent memory 2014 VLDB 9.1808674e-05
2,634 REWIND: Recovery Write-Ahead System for In-Memory Non-Volatile Data-Structures 2015 VLDB 8.4091408e-05
3,035 Instant Recovery for Main-Memory Databases 2015 CIDR 7.6724794e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,456 Toward a Better Understanding and Evaluation of Tree Structures on Flash SSDs 2021 VLDB 5.0505636e-05
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2,508 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 8.6251065e-05
7,990 BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees 2023 VLDB 4.6086117e-05
10,380 B-Trees Are Back: Engineering Fast and Pageable Node Layouts 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
5,130 Memory Management Techniques for Large-Scale Persistent-Main-Memory Systems 2017 VLDB 5.6721688e-05
6,466 NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems 2022 VLDB 5.04625e-05
2,986 DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 7.7757727e-05
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