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Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs

Summary: Cypher 9, governed by openCypher Implementers Group, evolves Neo4j property-graph language. Formalizes read queries, ASCII Art pattern matching, and outlines Cypher 10 for compositionality, graph projections, and multi-graph support. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5491
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00016624372
Overall Rank
787 | 94.54%
DOI
10.1145/3183713.3190657

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 56 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
964 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014967208
1,782 PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010557905
2,504 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 8.629969e-05
2,922 RaSQL: Greater Power and Performance for Big Data Analytics with Recursive-aggregate-SQL on Spark 2019 SIGMOD 7.897179e-05
3,287 GraphScope: A Unified Engine For Big Graph Processing 2021 VLDB 7.2689944e-05
3,310 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 7.2370328e-05
4,017 Columnar Storage and List-based Processing for Graph Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 6.5276062e-05
4,505 Testing Graph Database Systems via Graph-Aware Metamorphic Relations 2024 VLDB 6.1290872e-05
5,267 On the Optimization of Recursive Relational Queries: Application to Graph Queries 2020 SIGMOD 5.5930569e-05
5,527 Representing Paths in Graph Database Pattern Matching 2023 VLDB 5.4573655e-05
5,537 Presto: A Decade of SQL Analytics at Meta 2023 SIGMOD 5.453017e-05
5,663 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 5.3853781e-05
5,734 Evolution of a Compiling Query Engine 2021 VLDB 5.3471832e-05
5,802 Querying in the Age of Graph Databases and Knowledge Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 5.3209544e-05
5,898 IBM Db2 Graph: Supporting Synergistic and Retrofittable Graph Queries Inside IBM Db2 2020 SIGMOD 5.2808882e-05
6,303 Rel: A Programming Language for Relational Data 2025 SIGMOD 5.1165121e-05
7,179 A Hierarchical Contraction Scheme for Querying Big Graphs 2022 SIGMOD 4.803776e-05
7,712 GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power 2025 VLDB 4.6667433e-05
7,734 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 4.6599626e-05
7,892 M2Bench: A Database Benchmark for Multi-Model Analytic Workloads 2023 VLDB 4.6200834e-05
8,071 Updating Graph Databases with Cypher 2019 VLDB 4.5890643e-05
8,257 DuckPGQ: Efficient Property Graph Queries in an analytical RDBMS 2023 CIDR 4.5437589e-05
8,480 Mammoths Are Slow: The Overlooked Transactions of Graph Data 2024 VLDB 4.4967501e-05
8,803 Conjunctive Regular Path Queries under Injective Semantics 2023 PODS 4.4426077e-05
9,030 Enabling Rich Queries Over Heterogeneous Data From Diverse Sources In HealthCare 2020 CIDR 4.4001679e-05
9,036 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 4.3997447e-05
9,038 Transforming Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 4.3997447e-05
9,154 PG-Triggers: Triggers for Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 4.380727e-05
9,457 GraphScope Flex: LEGO-like Graph Computing Stack 2024 SIGMOD 4.3346427e-05
9,676 Schema-Based Query Optimisation for Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.3006524e-05
9,727 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 4.2901665e-05
9,743 Output-Sensitive Evaluation of Regular Path Queries 2025 PODS 4.2856385e-05
9,791 A Modular Graph-Native Query Optimization Framework 2025 SIGMOD 4.2777144e-05
9,845 Path-centric Cardinality Estimation for Subgraph Matching 2025 VLDB 4.2680295e-05
9,876 Color: A Framework for Applying Graph Coloring to Subgraph Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 4.2615675e-05
9,915 TenGraph: A Tensor-Based Graph Query Engine 2024 VLDB 4.2520778e-05
9,996 Raqlet: Cross-Paradigm Compilation for Recursive Queries 2026 CIDR 4.1905499e-05
10,096 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,133 A Principled Solution to the Disjunction Problem of Diagrammatic Query Representations 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,199 R2O: A Dual-Layer Framework for Joint Rewriting and Ordering in Distributed Property Graph Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,238 TurboLynx: Schemaless Graph Engine Strikes Back for General-Purpose Analytics 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,424 RedTAO: A Trillion-edge High-throughput Graph Store 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,487 Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,495 Finding Logic Bugs in Graph-processing Systems via Graph-cutting 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,529 LICS: Towards Theory-Informed Effective Visual Abstraction of Property Graph Schemas 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,581 G-View: View Management for Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,738 GraphCSR: A Degree-Equalized CSR Format for Large-scale Graph Processing 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,769 TuskFlow: An Efficient Graph Database for Long-Running Transactions 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,808 GraphAr: An Efficient Storage Scheme for Graph Data in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,849 Versatile Property Graph Transformations 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0040465394
59 Efficiently Compiling Efficient Query Plans for Modern Hardware 2011 VLDB 0.0006445664
256 GraphLog: a Visual Formalism for Real Life Recursion 1990 PODS 0.00030241337
364 A Graphical Query Language Supporting Recursion 1987 SIGMOD 0.00025657601
964 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014967208
1,040 Querying Graph Databases 2013 PODS 0.00014483577
1,056 Cosette: An Automated Prover for SQL 2017 CIDR 0.00014391317
1,327 GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases 1994 VLDB 0.00012571112
1,344 Dynamic Programming Strikes Back 2008 SIGMOD 0.00012477274
4,150 A Formal Semantics of SQL Queries, Its Validation, and Applications 2018 VLDB 6.4022639e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
460 Graphs-at-a-time: Query Language and Access Methods for Graph Databases 2008 SIGMOD 0.00022679846
1,327 GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases 1994 VLDB 0.00012571112
9,536 Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms 2018 VLDB 4.3225428e-05
10,487 Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
5,663 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 5.3853781e-05
1,746 Graphflow: An Active Graph Database 2017 SIGMOD 0.0001069135
9,038 Transforming Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 4.3997447e-05
11,098 DTGraph: Declarative Transformations of Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
9,583 Incremental View Maintenance for Property Graph Queries 2018 SIGMOD 4.3179824e-05
8,071 Updating Graph Databases with Cypher 2019 VLDB 4.5890643e-05