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Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions

Summary: LIPP, an updatable learned index, predicts exact leaf positions and supports lookup, range, insert, delete, update, and bulkload. It extends the index to fix prediction deviations during updates, adds dynamic height control with theoretical guarantees, delivering up to 4× gains over prior learned indexes. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12318
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
8.5569576e-05
Overall Rank
2,550 | 82.28%
DOI
10.14778/3457390.3457393

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 36 of 36 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,945 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.605467e-05
4,056 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4905689e-05
4,830 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 5.8884997e-05
5,072 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7121108e-05
5,327 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 5.5660777e-05
5,463 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.4920768e-05
5,601 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 5.4158958e-05
5,655 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 5.3877506e-05
6,298 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.1182917e-05
6,442 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 5.0541252e-05
6,488 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 5.0378878e-05
6,806 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 4.917024e-05
7,389 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7386163e-05
7,870 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 4.6271153e-05
7,894 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 4.6196003e-05
8,079 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 4.5873372e-05
8,100 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5821762e-05
8,365 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 4.5305127e-05
8,411 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 4.5151296e-05
8,636 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 4.4758336e-05
8,653 Adaptive Hybrid Indexes 2022 SIGMOD 4.4696663e-05
8,668 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 4.4671214e-05
8,952 One Seed, Two Birds: A Unified Learned Structure for Exact and Approximate Counting 2024 SIGMOD 4.4195459e-05
9,351 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 4.3490308e-05
9,618 A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach 2025 SIGMOD 4.3131993e-05
9,745 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 4.2856385e-05
10,038 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,087 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,169 From Learning to Recycling: A Log-Structured Learned-Less Index 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,172 HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,216 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,324 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,331 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,407 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,494 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,952 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
175 ARIES/KVL: A Key-Value Locking Method for Concurrency Control of Multiaction Transactions Operating on B-Tree Indexes 1990 VLDB 0.00038354115
183 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00036859633
235 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00031980259
240 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB 0.00031526134
329 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027301488
371 Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2017 CIDR 0.00025382677
382 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00024888997
622 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00018976783
704 Query-based Workload Forecasting for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00017785557
752 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00017138049
809 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.00016409797
819 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016237497
844 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00015964123
876 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00015660534
1,085 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014173956
1,365 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012379754
1,438 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011965956
1,464 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.0001184772
1,608 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011169837
2,080 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 9.5954034e-05
2,508 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 8.6251065e-05
3,658 Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 6.8700949e-05
4,086 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 6.4579358e-05
4,572 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 6.068399e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,389 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7386163e-05
1,365 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012379754
10,038 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
8,811 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 4.4398976e-05
10,087 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
1,438 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011965956
4,056 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4905689e-05
5,072 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7121108e-05
6,442 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 5.0541252e-05