When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories

Summary: Extendible Radix Tree (ERT) for persistent memory combines a radix-tree with per-node extendible hashing to achieve large fanout, small height, and constant-time in-node lookups, reducing random reads during traversal. Range queries use partial ordering in each node's hash table; inserts/updates are incremental with limited writes; experiments show up to 2.65x search, 4.41x insert, and 2.43x range-query speedups over state-of-the-art PM indexes. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 6608
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2023
Pagerank: 5.1463389e-05
Overall Rank: 6,229 | 56.67%
DOI: 10.1145/3588959

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
7,481	Buffered Persistence in B+ Trees	2024	SIGMOD	4.7180617e-05
7,894	LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings	2024	VLDB	4.6240341e-05
10,151	DART: A Lock-free Two-layer Hashed ART Index for Disaggregated Memory	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
11,009	Sorting on Byte-Addressable Storage: The Resurgence of Tree Structure	2024	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 16 of 16 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
66	Spark SQL: Relational Data Processing in Spark	2015	SIGMOD	0.00061639801
680	FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory	2016	SIGMOD	0.0001821501
819	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00016298164
1,087	HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems	2018	SIGMOD	0.00014162909
1,312	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012652548
1,405	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012174592
1,842	Write-Behind Logging	2017	VLDB	0.00010345337
1,888	Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	0.00010202743
2,006	PALM: Parallel Architecture-Friendly Latch-Free Modifications to B+ Trees on Many-Core Processors	2011	VLDB	9.8101551e-05
2,510	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	8.6204284e-05
2,732	Efficiently Searching In-Memory Sorted Arrays: Revenge of the Interpolation Search?	2019	SIGMOD	8.2087602e-05
2,992	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	7.7693475e-05
5,143	Memory Management Techniques for Large-Scale Persistent-Main-Memory Systems	2017	VLDB	5.6657259e-05
6,472	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.0510585e-05
6,788	Index-Accelerated Pattern Matching in Event Stores	2021	SIGMOD	4.9252064e-05
7,873	PiBench Online: Interactive Benchmarking of Persistent Memory Indexes	2020	VLDB	4.6305331e-05

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