Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data

Summary: Verso: a non‑1NF relational model allowing attributes to be nested Verso instances to represent recursive hierarchical data while preserving a simple algebraic query language and treating nest/unnest as primitive restructuring ops. Formalizes generalized hierarchical dependencies, schema equivalence/dominance and elementary restructuring transforms, and relates Verso instances to relational instances under the Universal Relation Scheme Assumption. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 697
Venue: PODS
Year: 1984
Pagerank: 0.00016919845
Overall Rank: 538 | 96.32%
DOI: 10.1145/588011.588038

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Serge Abiteboul (INRIA)
2. Nicole Bidoit (INRIA; University of Paris‑Sud)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{abiteboul_pods84,
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        series = {{PODS} '84},
        title = {{NON FIRST NORMAL FORM RELATIONS TO REPRESENT HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED DATA}},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/588011.588038},
        doi = {10.1145/588011.588038},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} Symposium on {Principles} of {Database} {Systems}},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        author = {Abiteboul, Serge and Bidoit, Nicole},
        year = {1984}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 24 of 24 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
475	A Calculus for Complex Objects	1986	PODS	0.00017864549
1,056	A Normal Form for Nested Relations	1985	PODS	0.00012388199
1,225	Processing a Trillion Cells per Mouse Click	2012	VLDB	0.00011590013
1,228	A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	0.00011579246
2,198	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD	8.9680897e-05
2,494	Supporting Flat Relations by a Nested Relational Kernel	1987	VLDB	8.5053229e-05
2,518	Architecture and Implementation of the Darmstadt Database Kernel System	1987	SIGMOD	8.4755514e-05
2,714	G-WHIZ*, a Visual Interface for the Functional Model with Recursion	1985	VLDB	8.2118321e-05
2,764	Determining When a Structure Is a Nested Relation	1985	VLDB	8.1535144e-05
3,733	Closed World Databases Opened Through Null Values	1988	VLDB	7.1653591e-05
4,246	Playful Query Specification with DataPlay	2012	VLDB	6.8057675e-05
4,899	A Grammar-Based Approach Towards Unifying Hierarchical Data Models (extended abstract)	1989	SIGMOD	6.4539543e-05
5,569	On The Expressive Power Of The Extended Relational Algebra For The Unnormalized Relational Model	1987	PODS	6.1702169e-05
5,880	Cooperative Object Buffer Management in the Advanced Information Management Prototype	1987	VLDB	6.0533041e-05
6,134	The MR Diagram - A Model for Conceptual Database Design	1985	VLDB	5.9651222e-05
6,516	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD	5.8545649e-05
6,569	The Partial Normalized Storage Model of Nested Relations	1988	VLDB	5.8375945e-05
7,014	Extending the Relational Algebra to Capture Complex Objects	1989	VLDB	5.7258694e-05
7,138	Towards DBMSs for Supporting New Applications	1986	VLDB	5.6933382e-05
7,405	Storing and Querying Tree-Structured Records in Dremel	2014	VLDB	5.624456e-05
13,127	On Restructuring Nested Relations in Partitioned Normal Form	1990	VLDB	5.093636e-05
13,192	Some Classes of Multilevel Relational Structures (Extended Abstract)	1986	PODS	5.093636e-05
13,201	ECRINS/86: An Extended Entity-Relationship Data Base Management System and its Semantic Query Language	1986	VLDB	5.093636e-05
13,237	Relational Algebras, Logic, And Functional Programming	1984	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
140	Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations	1982	PODS	0.00029686538
421	The Format Model: A Theory of Database Organization (extended abstract)	1982	PODS	0.00018742219
627	Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System	1982	VLDB	0.00015634312
1,976	On Line Processing of Compacted Relations	1982	VLDB	9.3644331e-05
3,957	Specifying Connections for a Universal Relation Scheme Database	1982	SIGMOD	6.9945541e-05
4,654	Characterization of Well-Behaved Database Schemata and Their Update Semantics	1983	VLDB	6.5842312e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	2,198	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD
2	2,764	Determining When a Structure Is a Nested Relation	1985	VLDB
3	13,192	Some Classes of Multilevel Relational Structures (Extended Abstract)	1986	PODS
4	5,929	Nested Historical Relations	1989	SIGMOD
5	627	Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System	1982	VLDB
6	6,516	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD
7	346	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD
8	1,056	A Normal Form for Nested Relations	1985	PODS
9	7,542	Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases	1983	VLDB
10	140	Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations	1982	PODS