Supporting Flat Relations by a Nested Relational Kernel

Summary: Introduces a nested (NF²) kernel exposing hierarchical clustering while transparently supporting flat relational views. It enables nonredundant materialized joins and algebraic query rewriting, bringing sophisticated physical design to conventional relational front ends. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: 7986
Venue: VLDB
Year: 1987
Pagerank: 8.5053229e-05
Overall Rank: 2,494 | 82.90%
DOI: -

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. M. H. Scholl (Technical University of Darmstadt)
2. H.-B. Paul (Technical University of Darmstadt)
3. H.-J. Schek (Technical University of Darmstadt)

BibTeX Citation

@article{scholl_vldb87,
        title = {{Supporting Flat Relations by a Nested Relational Kernel}},
        author = {Scholl, M. H. and Paul, H.-B. and Schek, H.-J.},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '87},
        pages = {137},
        year = {1987}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,052	Query Graphs, Implementing Trees, and Freely-Reorderable Outerjoins	1990	SIGMOD	0.00012405308
2,198	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD	8.9680897e-05
2,518	Architecture and Implementation of the Darmstadt Database Kernel System	1987	SIGMOD	8.4755514e-05
2,701	Possibilities and Limitations of Using Flat Operators in Nested Algebra Expressions	1988	PODS	8.240179e-05
3,263	Hypergraph based reorderings of outer join queries with complex predicates	1995	SIGMOD	7.584572e-05
3,488	The O2 Object Manager: an Overview	1989	VLDB	7.3679662e-05
7,405	Storing and Querying Tree-Structured Records in Dremel	2014	VLDB	5.624456e-05
12,800	ROX: Relational Over XML	2004	VLDB	5.093636e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
219	A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems	1986	VLDB	0.00024293529
346	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD	0.00020654241
538	Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data	1984	PODS	0.00016919845
1,377	A Data Management Extension Architecture	1987	SIGMOD	0.00010972063
1,737	Molecular Objects, Abstract Data Types, and Data Models: A Framework	1984	VLDB	9.8838348e-05
2,051	Designing a Generalized NF2 Model with an SQL-Type Language Interface	1986	VLDB	9.2538701e-05
2,480	Database Portals: A New Application Program Interface	1984	VLDB	8.5201824e-05
2,518	Architecture and Implementation of the Darmstadt Database Kernel System	1987	SIGMOD	8.4755514e-05

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#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	12,934	Evaluating Functional Joins Along Nested Reference Sets in Object-Relational and Object-Oriented Databases	1998	VLDB
2	7,542	Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases	1983	VLDB
3	140	Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations	1982	PODS
4	5,259	An Implementation for Nested Relational Databases	1988	VLDB
5	2,701	Possibilities and Limitations of Using Flat Operators in Nested Algebra Expressions	1988	PODS
6	12,727	A Nested Relational Approach to Processing SQL Subqueries	2005	SIGMOD
7	6,516	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD
8	7,148	Optimization of Nested Queries using the NF2 Algebra	2016	SIGMOD
9	2,198	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD
10	346	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD