Reflections on Boyce-Codd Normal Form
Summary: BCNF remains a useful design criterion when the Universal Instance Assumption is dropped; dynamic use can improve it. BCNF violations are NP-hard to test in the worst case, but the FD hierarchy model yields small closures and linear testing; unattainable BCNF can be achieved by renaming or adding attributes. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 6 of 6 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,481 | LAURA: A Formal Data Model and her Logical Design Methodology | 1983 | VLDB | 8.6870033e-05 |
| 3,877 | Inclusion Dependencies and the Universal Instance | 1983 | PODS | 6.6739427e-05 |
| 4,463 | Computing Covers for Embedded Functional Dependencies | 1987 | PODS | 6.160725e-05 |
| 7,980 | A Characterization of Constant-time-maintainability for BCNF Database Schemes | 1988 | SIGMOD | 4.613363e-05 |
| 10,508 | Synthesizing Third Normal Form Schemata that Minimize Integrity Maintenance and Update Overheads: Parameterizing 3NF by the Numbers of Minimal Keys and Functional Dependencies | 2025 | SIGMOD | 4.1945683e-05 |
| 11,173 | Composite Object Normal Forms: Parameterizing Boyce-Codd Normal Form by the Number of Minimal Keys | 2023 | SIGMOD | 4.1945683e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 3 of 3 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 356 | Synthesizing Independent Database Schemas | 1979 | SIGMOD | 0.00026034713 |
| 1,062 | Assumptions in Relational Database Theory | 1982 | PODS | 0.00014366096 |
| 1,849 | Improving Database Schemes by Adding Attributes | 1983 | PODS | 0.00010329397 |
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