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Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store

Summary: Viper introduces three PMem-specific access patterns and a hybrid architecture combining a DRAM hash index with PMem-aware layout. It exploits DRAM random writes and PMem sequential writes, delivering 4–18× higher write throughput than prior KVSs while preserving persistence. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
12530
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
8.5329393e-05
Overall Rank
2,471 | 83.05%
DOI
10.14778/3461535.3461543

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{benson_vldb21,
        title = {{Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store}},
        author = {Benson, Lawrence and Makait, Hendrik and Rabl, Tilmann},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {9},
        pages = {1544--1556},
        doi = {10.14778/3461535.3461543},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3461535.3461543},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,761 ScaleStore: A Fast and Cost-Efficient Storage Engine using DRAM, NVMe, and RDMA 2022 SIGMOD 7.1450129e-05
4,018 Virtual-Memory Assisted Buffer Management 2023 SIGMOD 6.952278e-05
6,086 Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table 2022 VLDB 5.9817424e-05
6,397 Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery 2022 SIGMOD 5.8869998e-05
6,733 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 5.7880281e-05
7,046 NVM: Is it Not Very Meaningful for Databases? 2023 VLDB 5.7185159e-05
7,190 PetPS: Supporting Huge Embedding Models with Persistent Memory 2023 VLDB 5.6772818e-05
7,263 Catalyst: Optimizing Cache Management for Large In-memory Key-value Systems 2023 VLDB 5.6611756e-05
8,082 Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index 2023 SIGMOD 5.4915503e-05
8,811 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3652966e-05
9,021 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.3305499e-05
9,150 PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access 2022 VLDB 5.3133586e-05
9,376 H-Rocks: CPU-GPU accelerated Heterogeneous RocksDB on Persistent Memory 2025 SIGMOD 5.2755515e-05
9,506 FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage 2024 VLDB 5.258497e-05
9,507 BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System 2024 VLDB 5.258497e-05
10,070 Darwin: Scale-In Stream Processing 2022 CIDR 5.1633991e-05
10,341 Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,659 Boosting OLTP Performance with Per-Page Logging on NVDIMM 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,281 LavaStore: ByteDance's Purpose-built, High-performance, Cost-effective Local Storage Engine for Cloud Services 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,357 Data Pipes: Declarative Control over Data Movement 2023 CIDR 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
491 FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00017575163
614 Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates 2018 SIGMOD 0.00015720975
841 Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems 2015 SIGMOD 0.00013677356
1,258 Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011438197
1,368 Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 0.00011003184
1,823 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.6739945e-05
2,246 DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory 2020 VLDB 8.8734154e-05
2,707 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes 2020 VLDB 8.2279594e-05
3,647 Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 7.2271935e-05
4,682 Persistent Memory Hash Indexes: An Experimental Evaluation 2021 VLDB 6.5651164e-05
4,888 Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores 2020 VLDB 6.4609843e-05
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1 10,480 PartitionKV: Redesigning LSM-tree KV Stores on NVMs with Adaptive Partitioning for Reducing Write Stalls and Amplification 2026 SIGMOD
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4 10,341 Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores 2026 SIGMOD
5 2,457 BlueCache: A Scalable Distributed Flash-based Key-value Store 2017 VLDB
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7 9,507 BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System 2024 VLDB
8 840 Storage Management in the NVRAM Era 2014 VLDB
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10 9,506 FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage 2024 VLDB