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The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Index For Multi-Dimensional Objects

Summary: R+-tree: dynamic index for multi-dimensional objects; variant of R-tree that eliminates internal-node overlaps to lower search cost. Algorithms for search/insert/packing/reorganization; up to 50% fewer disk accesses vs. R-tree on large rectangle sets. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
7834
Venue
VLDB
Year
1987
Pagerank
0.00083378538
Overall Rank
24 | 99.84%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 121 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
47 Nearest Neighbor Queries 1995 SIGMOD 0.0007015885
65 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00062029383
79 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00056242144
91 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.0005181666
129 The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data 1996 VLDB 0.0004429571
195 Optimizing Queries over Multimedia Repositories 1996 SIGMOD 0.00035406558
231 A Retrieval Technique for Similar Shapes 1991 SIGMOD 0.00032163466
242 Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Extended Abstract) 1995 VLDB 0.00031110894
284 The SR-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Nearest Neighbor Queries 1997 SIGMOD 0.00028994728
290 Linear Clustering of Objects with Multiple Attributes 1990 SIGMOD 0.00028919734
341 CURE: An Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Large Databases 1998 SIGMOD 0.00026810548
354 Hilbert R-tree: An Improved R-tree Using Fractals 1994 VLDB 0.00026137988
362 Fast Similarity Search in the Presence of Noise, Scaling, and Translation in Time-Series Databases 1995 VLDB 0.00025770385
389 Query Processing in Spatial Network Databases 2003 VLDB 0.00024620268
465 PREFER: A System for the Efficient Execution of Multiparametric Ranked Queries 2001 SIGMOD 0.00022455702
471 FastMap: A Fast Algorithm for Indexing, Data-Mining and Visualization of Traditional and Multimedia Datasets 1995 SIGMOD 0.00022364776
478 Multi-Step Processing of Spatial Joins 1994 SIGMOD 0.0002222104
539 Fast Time Sequence Indexing for Arbitrary L_p Norms 2000 VLDB 0.00020666392
575 Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 1997 SIGMOD 0.00019882723
601 Influence Sets Based on Reverse Nearest Neighbor Queries 2000 SIGMOD 0.00019375875
665 Fast Nearest Neighbor Search in Medical Image Databases 1996 VLDB 0.00018451109
769 Client-Server Paradise 1994 VLDB 0.00016918508
928 Requirements for Science Data Bases and SciDB 2009 CIDR 0.00015247726
986 Managing Intervals Efficiently in Object-Relational Databases 2000 VLDB 0.00014838568
1,002 On Indexing Mobile Objects 1999 PODS 0.00014702555
1,034 Redundancy in Spatial Databases 1989 SIGMOD 0.00014534274
1,114 Beyond Uniformity and Independence : Analysis of R-trees Using the Concept of Fractal Dimension 1994 PODS 0.00013901031
1,172 Processing Queries By Linear Constraints 1997 PODS 0.00013505441
1,174 Spatial Hash-Joins 1996 SIGMOD 0.00013486418
1,182 On Two-Dimensional Indexability and Optimal Range Search Indexing (Extended Abstract) 1999 PODS 0.00013455963
1,184 On Effective Multi-Dimensional Indexing for Strings 2000 SIGMOD 0.00013455208
1,275 Continuous Nearest Neighbor Search 2002 VLDB 0.00012883899
1,339 Implementing Large Production Systems in a DBMS Environment: Concepts and Algorithms 1988 SIGMOD 0.00012492597
1,488 On the Analysis of Indexing Schemes 1997 PODS 0.00011699446
1,502 Efficient Searching with Linear Constraints (Extended Abstract) 1998 PODS 0.00011643406
1,528 A Model for the Prediction of R-tree Performance 1996 PODS 0.00011497734
1,755 Efficient User-Adaptable Similarity Search in Large Multimedia Databases 1997 VLDB 0.00010669106
1,830 Relaxing Join and Selection Queries 2006 VLDB 0.000103862
1,971 LazyLSH: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for Multiple Distance Functions with a Single Index 2016 SIGMOD 9.893198e-05
1,983 Optimizing Multidimensional Index Trees for Main Memory Access 2001 SIGMOD 9.8638201e-05
2,013 Path Caching: A Technique for Optimal External Searching (Extended Abstract) 1994 PODS 9.7928688e-05
2,053 Selectivity Estimation in Spatial Databases 1999 SIGMOD 9.6728745e-05
2,085 Capacity Constrained Assignment in Spatial Databases 2008 SIGMOD 9.5804907e-05
2,094 Scalable Sweeping-Based Spatial Join 1998 VLDB 9.5547223e-05
2,115 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 9.5257379e-05
2,245 The DEDALE System for Complex Spatial Queries 1998 SIGMOD 9.2085554e-05
2,246 Parallel R-trees 1992 SIGMOD 9.2075292e-05
2,300 A Demonstration of SpatialHadoop: An Efficient MapReduce Framework for Spatial Data 2013 VLDB 9.0677864e-05
2,472 A Comparison of Spatial Query Processing Techniques for Native and Parameter Spaces 1990 SIGMOD 8.7237893e-05
2,516 Concurrency and Recovery in Generalized Search Trees 1997 SIGMOD 8.6106981e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0032169493
5 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.0018397217
56 Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees 1985 SIGMOD 0.00065631356
76 Spatial Query Processing in an Object-Oriented Database System 1986 SIGMOD 0.00057303551
2,030 Analysis Of Object Oriented Spatial Access Methods 1987 SIGMOD 9.7378136e-05
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