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2Q: A Low Overhead High Performance Buffer Management Replacement Algorithm

Summary: Introduces 2Q, a self-tuning two-queue buffer replacement algorithm with O(1) access overhead, avoiding LRU/2’s priority-queue cost. Empirically matches LRU/2 and improves over LRU on real and simulated traces, especially for scans and large random workloads. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
8404
Venue
VLDB
Year
1994
Pagerank
0.0001547341
Overall Rank
637 | 95.64%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{johnson_vldb94,
        title = {{2Q: A Low Overhead High Performance Buffer Management Replacement Algorithm}},
        author = {Johnson, Theodore and Shasha, Dennis},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '94},
        pages = {439},
        year = {1994}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 30 of 30 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
383 QPipe: A Simultaneously Pipelined Relational Query Engine 2005 SIGMOD 0.00019520728
1,225 Processing a Trillion Cells per Mouse Click 2012 VLDB 0.00011590013
1,782 Broadcast Disks: Data Management for Asymmetric Communication Environments 1995 SIGMOD 9.7735503e-05
2,466 Goal-Oriented Buffer Management Revisited* 1996 SIGMOD 8.5428771e-05
3,236 Sharing Buffer Pool Memory in Multi-Tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2015 VLDB 7.6108467e-05
3,634 Orca: Scalable Temporal Graph Neural Network Training with Theoretical Guarantees 2023 SIGMOD 7.2358691e-05
3,891 Storage Workload Estimation for Database Management Systems 2007 SIGMOD 7.0432571e-05
4,270 Interaction of Query Evaluation and Buffer Management for Information Retrieval 1998 SIGMOD 6.7919363e-05
4,330 Sharing Data and Work Across Concurrent Analytical Queries 2013 VLDB 6.7563122e-05
4,895 2R: Efficiently Isolating Cold Pages in Flash Storages 2020 VLDB 6.4558543e-05
5,109 The Case for Distributed Shared-Memory Databases with RDMA-Enabled Memory Disaggregation 2023 VLDB 6.3615847e-05
5,226 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.3090383e-05
5,831 Operation-Aware Buffer Management in Flash-based Systems 2011 SIGMOD 6.0733385e-05
5,852 DEX: Scalable Range Indexing on Disaggregated Memory 2024 VLDB 6.0658952e-05
6,487 HetCache: Synergising NVMe Storage and GPU acceleration for Memory-Efficient Analytics 2023 CIDR 5.8651793e-05
6,788 HotPrefix: Hotness-Aware KV Cache Scheduling for Efficient Prefix Sharing in LLM Inference Systems 2026 SIGMOD 5.7727874e-05
6,828 Breaking Down Memory Walls in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 SIGMOD 5.7601608e-05
6,891 Increasing Buffer-Locality for Multiple Index Based Scans through Intelligent Placement and Index Scan Speed Control 2007 VLDB 5.7447663e-05
7,754 Write-Aware Timestamp Tracking: Effective and Efficient Page Replacement for Modern Hardware 2023 VLDB 5.5519754e-05
8,549 Resource-Adaptive Real-Time New Event Detection 2007 SIGMOD 5.4119882e-05
8,606 PreVision: An Out-of-Core Matrix Computation System with Optimal Buffer Replacement 2024 SIGMOD 5.4026249e-05
9,449 MCC-DB: Minimizing Cache Conflicts in Multi-core Processors for Databases 2009 VLDB 5.2665098e-05
10,078 Request Window: an Approach to Improve Throughput of RDBMS-based Data Integration System by Utilizing Data Sharing Across Concurrent Distributed Queries 2007 VLDB 5.1603976e-05
10,284 ReStore: A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Data Migration in Multi-Tiered Storage 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,595 Demystifying and Improving Lazy Promotion in Cache Eviction 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,071 Sampling-based Predictive Database Buffer Management 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,506 Making Cache Monotonic and Consistent 2023 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,579 Dynamic Partitioning of the Cache Hierarchy in Shared Data Centers 2008 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,845 A Multi-version Cache Replacement and Prefetching Policy for Hybrid Data Delivery Environments 2002 VLDB 5.093636e-05
13,009 L/MRP: A Buffer Management Strategy for Interactive Continuous Data Flows in a Multimedia DBMS 1995 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
135 An Evaluation of Buffer Management Strategies for Relational Database Systems 1985 VLDB 0.00030209257
231 The LRU-K Page Replacement Algorithm For Database Disk Buffering 1993 SIGMOD 0.00023846898
837 Exploiting Inheritance and Structure Semantics for Effective Clustering and Buffering in an Object-Oriented DBMS 1989 SIGMOD 0.0001370733
1,527 Predictive Load Control for Flexible Buffer Allocation 1991 VLDB 0.00010489064
2,145 Priority-Hints: An Algorithm for Priority-Based Buffer Management 1990 VLDB 9.0846355e-05
2,590 Extensible Buffer Management of Indexes 1992 VLDB 8.3696843e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 13,030 Estimating Page Fetches for Index Scans with Finite LRU Buffers 1994 SIGMOD
2 10,595 Demystifying and Improving Lazy Promotion in Cache Eviction 2026 VLDB
3 11,071 Sampling-based Predictive Database Buffer Management 2025 VLDB
4 1,917 Integration of Buffer Management and Query Optimization In Relational Database Environment 1989 VLDB
5 3,236 Sharing Buffer Pool Memory in Multi-Tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2015 VLDB
6 2,590 Extensible Buffer Management of Indexes 1992 VLDB
7 4,719 Adaptive Database Buffer Allocation Using Query Feedback 1993 VLDB
8 2,145 Priority-Hints: An Algorithm for Priority-Based Buffer Management 1990 VLDB
9 7,663 Index Access with a Finite Buffer 1987 VLDB
10 231 The LRU-K Page Replacement Algorithm For Database Disk Buffering 1993 SIGMOD