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Tree Indexing on Solid State Drives

Summary: FD-tree: a write-optimized SSD index using a head B+-tree and bottom-run merges with fractional cascading fences. It achieves O(log_B n) sequential I/Os for updates and O(log_B n) random I/Os for searches, delivering competitive reads with B+-trees and superior overall performance on flash and disks. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
10055
Venue
VLDB
Year
2010
Pagerank
0.00020035385
Overall Rank
562 | 96.10%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
379 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00024954332
608 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019233548
1,309 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00012655712
1,342 Query Processing on Smart SSDs: Opportunities and Challenges 2013 SIGMOD 0.00012482124
1,368 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.0001235708
1,909 BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing 2014 VLDB 0.00010123661
2,112 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 9.5244583e-05
2,225 SkimpyStash: RAM Space Skimpy Key-Value Store on Flash-based Storage 2011 SIGMOD 9.2534051e-05
2,353 LazyFTL: A Page-level Flash Translation Layer Optimized for NAND Flash Memory 2011 SIGMOD 8.9776166e-05
2,606 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 8.4621503e-05
3,362 Turbocharging DBMS Buffer Pool Using SSDs 2011 SIGMOD 7.1681058e-05
3,363 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 7.1680649e-05
3,545 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 6.9831585e-05
3,760 A Hybrid B+-tree as Solution for In-Memory Indexing on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Computing Platforms 2016 SIGMOD 6.7790524e-05
4,131 B+-tree Index Optimization by Exploiting Internal Parallelism of Flash-based Solid State Drives 2012 VLDB 6.4203081e-05
4,920 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 5.8262404e-05
5,118 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 5.6781464e-05
5,229 Optimizing Databases by Learning Hidden Parameters of Solid State Drives 2020 VLDB 5.6140339e-05
6,922 Towards Cost-Effective Storage Provisioning for DBMSs 2012 VLDB 4.8878659e-05
7,467 GeckoFTL: Scalable Flash Translation Techniques For Very Large Flash Devices 2016 SIGMOD 4.7174456e-05
8,100 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5821762e-05
8,102 When Database Meets New Storage Devices: Understanding and Exposing Performance Mismatches via Configurations 2023 VLDB 4.5816532e-05
8,262 Lightweight Indexing of Observational Data in Log-Structured Storage 2014 VLDB 4.5415271e-05
8,624 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 4.4786127e-05
9,467 Disco: A Compact Index for LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.3309383e-05
11,448 Learning Algorithms for Automatic Data Structure Design 2021 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
11,922 A Secure Search Engine for the Personal Cloud 2015 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
11,971 A Scalable Search Engine for Mass Storage Smart Objects 2015 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
12,027 When Data Management Systems Meet Approximate Hardware: Challenges and Opportunities 2014 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
347 Design of Flash-Based DBMS: An In-Page Logging Approach 2007 SIGMOD 0.0002656744
492 A Case for Flash Memory SSD in Enterprise Database Applications 2008 SIGMOD 0.0002178745
820 Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LHAM Log-Structured History Data Access Method 1998 VLDB 0.00016232743
1,071 Incremental Organization for Data Recording and Warehousing 1997 VLDB 0.00014265647
1,089 Lazy-Adaptive Tree: An Optimized Index Structure for Flash Devices 2009 VLDB 0.00014140761
1,105 FlashLogging: Exploiting Flash Devices for Synchronous Logging Performance 2009 SIGMOD 0.00013980159
1,325 uFLIP: Understanding Flash IO Patterns 2009 CIDR 0.00012582838
1,478 Write-Optimized B-Trees 2004 VLDB 0.00011727205
1,635 Query Processing Techniques for Solid State Drives 2009 SIGMOD 0.00011059682
2,391 A Novel Index Supporting High Volume Data Warehouse Insertions 1999 VLDB 8.8946187e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,260 Advances in Flash Memory SSD Technology for Enterprise Database Applications 2009 SIGMOD 5.5964654e-05
7,389 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7386163e-05
492 A Case for Flash Memory SSD in Enterprise Database Applications 2008 SIGMOD 0.0002178745
10,571 FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
1,635 Query Processing Techniques for Solid State Drives 2009 SIGMOD 0.00011059682
6,226 When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories 2023 SIGMOD 5.1413982e-05
1,909 BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing 2014 VLDB 0.00010123661
6,456 Toward a Better Understanding and Evaluation of Tree Structures on Flash SSDs 2021 VLDB 5.0505636e-05
4,131 B+-tree Index Optimization by Exploiting Internal Parallelism of Flash-based Solid State Drives 2012 VLDB 6.4203081e-05
1,089 Lazy-Adaptive Tree: An Optimized Index Structure for Flash Devices 2009 VLDB 0.00014140761