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Sema: A High-performance System for LLM-based Semantic Query Processing

Summary: SemaSQL makes LLM operators first-class in DuckDB, embedding natural-language expressions in SQL for end-to-end optimization. Constraint-aware rewriting and adaptive execution reorder/fuse operators and batch prompts, yielding 2–10× speedups under accuracy and token/latency objectives. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Aug 28 2026)

Paper ID
h2dae9c4c30d32c54
Venue
VLDB
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.9769913e-05
Overall Rank
10,867 | 26.97%
DOI
10.14778/3836663.3836685
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{qi_vldb26,
        title = {{Sema: A High-performance System for LLM-based Semantic Query Processing}},
        author = {Qi, Kangkang and Xie, Dongyang and Li, Wenbo and Zhang, Hao and Zhu, Yuanyuan and Yu, Jeffrey Xu and Zhao, Kangfei},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '26},
        volume = {19},
        number = {11},
        pages = {3231--3244},
        doi = {10.14778/3836663.3836685},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3836663.3836685},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 28 of 28 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
21 Efficiently Compiling Efficient Query Plans for Modern Hardware 2011 VLDB 0.00056835296
53 Eddies: Continuously Adaptive Query Processing 2000 SIGMOD 0.000408505
71 DuckDB: an Embeddable Analytical Database 2019 SIGMOD 0.00037724477
79 Practical Selectivity Estimation through Adaptive Sampling 1990 SIGMOD 0.00036476265
125 Predicate Migration: Optimizing Queries with Expensive Predicates 1993 SIGMOD 0.00030462671
215 Morsel-Driven Parallelism: A NUMA-Aware Query Evaluation Framework for the Many-Core Age 2014 SIGMOD 0.00024589307
282 Accelerating Machine Learning Inference with Probabilistic Predicates 2018 SIGMOD 0.00022302793
541 BlazeIt: Optimizing Declarative Aggregation and Limit Queries for Neural Network-Based Video Analytics 2020 VLDB 0.00016663833
658 DocETL: Agentic Query Rewriting and Evaluation for Complex Document Processing 2025 VLDB 0.00015058738
717 Palimpzest: Optimizing AI-Powered Analytics with Declarative Query Processing 2025 CIDR 0.00014528323
2,273 The Design of an LLM-powered Unstructured Analytics System 2025 CIDR 8.7093949e-05
2,773 Approximate Selection with Guarantees using Proxies 2020 VLDB 8.0318294e-05
2,909 Semantic Operators and Their Optimization: Enabling LLM-Based Data Processing with Accuracy Guarantees in LOTUS 2025 VLDB 7.8705905e-05
3,049 Abacus: A Cost-Based Optimizer for Semantic Operator Systems 2026 VLDB 7.7087759e-05
3,103 On Optimizing Operator Fusion Plans for Large-Scale Machine Learning in SystemML 2018 VLDB 7.6456038e-05
3,220 Jointly Optimizing Preprocessing and Inference for DNN-based Visual Analytics 2021 VLDB 7.5172795e-05
3,780 Optimizing Video Analytics with Declarative Model Relationships 2023 VLDB 7.0225859e-05
3,877 FiGO: Fine-Grained Query Optimization in Video Analytics 2022 SIGMOD 6.9496983e-05
3,971 Optimizing Machine Learning Inference Queries with Correlative Proxy Models 2022 VLDB 6.8868815e-05
4,108 Content-Based Routing: Different Plans for Different Data 2005 VLDB 6.8000756e-05
5,053 Beyond Quacking: Deep Integration of Language Models and RAG into DuckDB 2025 VLDB 6.2947347e-05
5,214 Seiden: Revisiting Query Processing in Video Database Systems 2023 VLDB 6.2224191e-05
5,309 SemBench: A Benchmark for Semantic Query Processing Engines 2026 VLDB 6.1841176e-05
5,553 Aero: Adaptive Query Processing of ML Queries 2025 SIGMOD 6.0843382e-05
5,905 On Efficient Approximate Queries over Machine Learning Models 2023 VLDB 5.9504628e-05
6,338 Unify: A System For Unstructured Data Analytics 2025 VLDB 5.8076369e-05
7,413 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.5316834e-05
9,550 DoveDB: A Declarative and Low-Latency Video Database 2023 VLDB 5.159481e-05
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