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Bridging the Gap: Cardinality Estimation for Semantic Queries on Unstructured Data

Summary: SemStats estimates cardinalities for LLM-driven semantic queries over unstructured data using a semantic catalog/index and lightweight learned judges. Stratified importance sampling yields up to 25× lower error and 31× lower latency than prior methods. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 26 2026)

Paper ID
h6fab0ea6b2b0b228
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.9793485e-05
Overall Rank
10,422 | 29.93%
DOI
10.1145/3802024

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{xu_sigmod26,
        title = {{Bridging the Gap: Cardinality Estimation for Semantic Queries on Unstructured Data}},
        author = {Xu, Shihui and Wang, Jiayi and Li, Guoliang},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3802024},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802024},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023947656
37 Improved Histograms for Selectivity Estimation of Range Predicates 1996 SIGMOD 0.00047731453
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
103 Selectivity Estimation Without the Attribute Value Independence Assumption 1997 VLDB 0.00033894985
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021167555
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
501 Language Models Enable Simple Systems for Generating Structured Views of Heterogeneous Data Lakes 2024 VLDB 0.00017267905
512 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017050173
683 DocETL: Agentic Query Rewriting and Evaluation for Complex Document Processing 2025 VLDB 0.00014817539
688 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00014753664
692 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014741011
748 Palimpzest: Optimizing AI-Powered Analytics with Declarative Query Processing 2025 CIDR 0.00014281926
795 Random Sampling over Joins Revisited 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013938779
1,580 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010180835
2,341 The Design of an LLM-powered Unstructured Analytics System 2025 CIDR 8.6066183e-05
3,741 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0594076e-05
4,142 AOP: Automated and Interactive LLM Pipeline Orchestration for Answering Complex Queries 2025 CIDR 6.7814795e-05
4,385 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 6.6235293e-05
4,557 Databases Unbound: Querying All of the World’s Bytes with AI 2024 VLDB 6.5356905e-05
4,731 QUEST: Query Optimization in Unstructured Document Analysis 2025 VLDB 6.4462032e-05
6,379 Unify: A System For Unstructured Data Analytics 2025 VLDB 5.8083127e-05
9,649 GaussDB-Vector: A Large-Scale Persistent Real-Time Vector Database for LLM Applications 2025 VLDB 5.1453267e-05
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