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CockroachDB Serverless: Sub-second Scaling from Zero with Multi-region Cluster Virtualization

Summary: Two-tier CockroachDB splits SQL and KV into separate processes to enable independent scaling for multi-tenant, multi-region serverless workloads. Production deployment since 2022 achieves scaling-to-zero, sub-second cold starts, and strong data and performance isolation. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h30d1c03f232afbcd
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.1554124e-05
Overall Rank
9,490 | 36.39%
DOI
10.1145/3722212.3724432
PDF
Download (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{swenson_sigmod25,
        title = {{CockroachDB Serverless: Sub-second Scaling from Zero with Multi-region Cluster Virtualization}},
        author = {Swenson, Jeff and Kimball, Andy and Poss, Raphael 'kena' and Taft, Rebecca and Lim, Jay and Storm, Adam and Bhola, Sumeer and Bulkley-Logston, Paul and Tatlow, PJ and Harding, Rachael and Shamim, Rafi and Maru, Aditya and Sharif, Irfan},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '25},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3722212.3724432},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3722212.3724432},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 citing papers.

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
49 Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets 2010 VLDB 0.00043085722
52 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00041439488
63 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00038609177
186 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00026001543
543 Socrates: The New SQL Server in the Cloud 2019 SIGMOD 0.00016588324
644 Relational Cloud: A Database-as-a-Service for the Cloud 2011 CIDR 0.00015201984
895 Albatross: Lightweight Elasticity in Shared Storage Databases for the Cloud using Live Data Migration 2011 VLDB 0.0001317406
913 Starling: A Scalable Query Engine on Cloud Functions 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013084137
1,019 Serverless Computing: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back 2019 CIDR 0.0001243645
1,134 Dremel: A Decade of Interactive SQL Analysis at Web Scale 2020 VLDB 0.00011863043
1,315 PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers 2021 SIGMOD 0.00011047549
1,448 Cloudburst: Stateful Functions-as-a-Service 2020 VLDB 0.00010601724
1,500 Multi-Tenant Databases for Software as a Service: Schema-Mapping Techniques 2008 SIGMOD 0.00010434847
1,509 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010415166
2,295 CPU Sharing Techniques for Performance Isolation in Multi-tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2014 VLDB 8.677224e-05
2,435 Squall: Fine-Grained Live Reconfiguration for Partitioned Main Memory Databases 2015 SIGMOD 8.4576994e-05
2,765 The Design of the Force.com Multitenant Internet Application Development Platform 2009 SIGMOD 8.0228622e-05
2,922 Deuteronomy: Transaction Support for Cloud Data 2011 CIDR 7.8428159e-05
3,005 Sharing Buffer Pool Memory in Multi-Tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2015 VLDB 7.7460817e-05
3,726 Enabling the Next Generation of Multi-Region Applications with CockroachDB 2022 SIGMOD 7.0457523e-05
3,998 Resource Management in Aurora Serverless 2024 VLDB 6.8497732e-05
5,439 Remus: Efficient Live Migration for Distributed Databases with Snapshot Isolation 2022 SIGMOD 6.1146016e-05
5,850 Tenant Placement in Over-subscribed Database-as-a-Service Clusters 2022 VLDB 5.9528821e-05
6,572 MotherDuck: DuckDB in the cloud and in the client 2024 CIDR 5.7274794e-05
6,768 Multi-Tenant Cloud Data Services: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Opportunities 2022 SIGMOD 5.6693759e-05
7,368 PolarDB-SCC: A Cloud-Native Database Ensuring Low Latency for Strongly Consistent Reads 2023 VLDB 5.526328e-05
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