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CockroachDB Serverless: Sub-second Scaling from Zero with Multi-region Cluster Virtualization

Summary: Two-tier CockroachDB splits SQL and KV into separate processes to enable independent scaling for multi-tenant, multi-region serverless workloads. Production deployment since 2022 achieves scaling-to-zero, sub-second cold starts, and strong data and performance isolation. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h30d1c03f232afbcd
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.1749657e-05
Overall Rank
9,451 | 36.46%
DOI
10.1145/3722212.3724432

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{swenson_sigmod25,
        title = {{CockroachDB Serverless: Sub-second Scaling from Zero with Multi-region Cluster Virtualization}},
        author = {Swenson, Jeff and Kimball, Andy and Poss, Raphael 'kena' and Taft, Rebecca and Lim, Jay and Storm, Adam and Bhola, Sumeer and Bulkley-Logston, Paul and Tatlow, PJ and Harding, Rachael and Shamim, Rafi and Maru, Aditya and Sharif, Irfan},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '25},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3722212.3724432},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3722212.3724432},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 citing papers.

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
49 Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets 2010 VLDB 0.00043160717
52 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00041219077
63 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00038531147
185 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00026072278
543 Socrates: The New SQL Server in the Cloud 2019 SIGMOD 0.0001663263
641 Relational Cloud: A Database-as-a-Service for the Cloud 2011 CIDR 0.00015255418
893 Albatross: Lightweight Elasticity in Shared Storage Databases for the Cloud using Live Data Migration 2011 VLDB 0.00013220089
932 Starling: A Scalable Query Engine on Cloud Functions 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013008551
1,019 Serverless Computing: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back 2019 CIDR 0.00012460326
1,135 Dremel: A Decade of Interactive SQL Analysis at Web Scale 2020 VLDB 0.00011891907
1,343 PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers 2021 SIGMOD 0.00010963588
1,441 Cloudburst: Stateful Functions-as-a-Service 2020 VLDB 0.00010641542
1,499 Multi-Tenant Databases for Software as a Service: Schema-Mapping Techniques 2008 SIGMOD 0.00010471977
1,513 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010429438
2,283 CPU Sharing Techniques for Performance Isolation in Multi-tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2014 VLDB 8.6961837e-05
2,424 Squall: Fine-Grained Live Reconfiguration for Partitioned Main Memory Databases 2015 SIGMOD 8.485975e-05
2,758 The Design of the Force.com Multitenant Internet Application Development Platform 2009 SIGMOD 8.0519909e-05
2,909 Deuteronomy: Transaction Support for Cloud Data 2011 CIDR 7.8721738e-05
2,999 Sharing Buffer Pool Memory in Multi-Tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2015 VLDB 7.7676694e-05
3,717 Enabling the Next Generation of Multi-Region Applications with CockroachDB 2022 SIGMOD 7.0723943e-05
4,174 Resource Management in Aurora Serverless 2024 VLDB 6.7584856e-05
5,447 Remus: Efficient Live Migration for Distributed Databases with Snapshot Isolation 2022 SIGMOD 6.1260661e-05
5,836 Tenant Placement in Over-subscribed Database-as-a-Service Clusters 2022 VLDB 5.97546e-05
6,561 MotherDuck: DuckDB in the cloud and in the client 2024 CIDR 5.7481696e-05
6,753 Multi-Tenant Cloud Data Services: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Opportunities 2022 SIGMOD 5.6904085e-05
7,345 PolarDB-SCC: A Cloud-Native Database Ensuring Low Latency for Strongly Consistent Reads 2023 VLDB 5.5461882e-05
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