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Twitter Heron: Stream Processing at Scale

Summary: Introduces Heron, a real-time stream engine to replace Storm at Twitter, addressing scale, debuggability, performance, and manageability. Design insights and empirical evidence of efficiency and scalability as Twitter’s de facto streaming backend. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h359cbd75b402cc70
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2015
Pagerank
0.00015627966
Overall Rank
606 | 95.93%
DOI
10.1145/2723372.2723374

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{kulkarni_sigmod15,
        title = {{Twitter Heron: Stream Processing at Scale}},
        author = {Kulkarni, Sanjeev and Bhagat, Nikunj and Fu, Maosong and Kedigehalli, Vikas and Kellogg, Christopher and Mittal, Sailesh and Patel, Jignesh M. and Ramasamy, Karthik and Taneja, Siddarth},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '15},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/2723372.2723374},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2723372.2723374},
        year = {2015}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 46 of 46 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,236 Dhalion: Self-Regulating Stream Processing in Heron 2017 VLDB 0.00011400483
1,303 Realtime Data Processing at Facebook 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011101274
1,771 Samza: Stateful Scalable Stream Processing at LinkedIn 2017 VLDB 9.6757926e-05
2,258 Regular Path Query Evaluation on Streaming Graphs 2020 SIGMOD 8.7393197e-05
2,788 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.0114055e-05
3,029 Autoscaling Tiered Cloud Storage in Anna 2019 VLDB 7.7341355e-05
3,034 Chi: A Scalable and Programmable Control Plane for Distributed Stream Processing Systems 2018 VLDB 7.7301387e-05
3,128 How to Win a Hot Dog Eating Contest: Distributed Incremental View Maintenance with Batch Updates 2016 SIGMOD 7.611678e-05
3,370 Frontier: Resilient Edge Processing for the Internet of Things 2018 VLDB 7.3660727e-05
4,310 Consistent Regions: Guaranteed Tuple Processing in IBM Streams 2016 VLDB 6.6700421e-05
4,734 LogStore: A Cloud-Native and Multi-Tenant Log Database 2021 SIGMOD 6.4428641e-05
4,867 Clonos: Consistent Causal Recovery for Highly-Available Streaming Dataflows 2021 SIGMOD 6.3723904e-05
5,331 BriskStream: Scaling Data Stream Processing on Shared-Memory Multicore Architectures 2019 SIGMOD 6.1770377e-05
5,649 TcpRT: Instrument and Diagnostic Analysis System for Service Quality of Cloud Databases at Massive Scale in Real-time 2018 SIGMOD 6.0497711e-05
6,080 Data Ingestion for the Connected World 2017 CIDR 5.8898923e-05
6,453 Towards General and Efficient Online Tuning for Spark 2023 VLDB 5.7790502e-05
6,543 A Holistic View of Stream Partitioning Costs 2017 VLDB 5.7496377e-05
6,793 Hazelcast Jet: Low-latency Stream Processing at the 99.99th Percentile 2021 VLDB 5.6793645e-05
7,014 Incremental Sliding Window Connectivity over Streaming Graphs 2024 VLDB 5.6184803e-05
7,413 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.5316834e-05
7,891 TSCache: An Efficient Flash-based Caching Scheme for Time-series Data Workloads 2021 VLDB 5.4310117e-05
8,184 Data Management for Social Networking 2016 PODS 5.3804156e-05
8,234 Operational Analytics Data Management Systems 2016 VLDB 5.3712067e-05
8,410 Spur: Mitigating Slow Instances in Large-Scale Streaming Pipelines 2020 SIGMOD 5.3360542e-05
8,708 Upsortable: Programming Top-K Queries Over Data Streams 2017 VLDB 5.2880532e-05
8,910 InvaliDB: Scalable Push-Based Real-Time Queries on Top of Pull-Based Databases (Extended) 2020 VLDB 5.2534908e-05
9,262 Enabling Signal Processing over Data Streams 2017 SIGMOD 5.2032182e-05
9,482 Elasticutor: Rapid Elasticity for Realtime Stateful Stream Processing 2019 SIGMOD 5.1687151e-05
9,817 Scabbard: Single-Node Fault-Tolerant Stream Processing 2022 VLDB 5.1233734e-05
9,820 Dhalion in Action: Automatic Management of Streaming Applications 2018 VLDB 5.1233734e-05
10,089 ContTune: Continuous Tuning by Conservative Bayesian Optimization for Distributed Stream Data Processing Systems 2023 VLDB 5.0806786e-05
10,162 Railgun: managing large streaming windows under MAD requirements 2021 VLDB 5.0682049e-05
10,552 Accelerating Stream Processing Engines via Hardware Offloading 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,855 Meerkat: Scalable, Network-Aware Failure Recovery for the Internet of Things 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,871 Fugue: Online Elasticity for Distributed Stateful Stream Processing 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,527 Fault Tolerance Placement in the Internet of Things 2024 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,946 Synchronization Schemas 2021 PODS 4.9769913e-05
11,978 Klink: Progress-Aware Scheduling for Streaming Data Systems 2021 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,996 Real-time Data Infrastructure at Uber 2021 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
12,174 Online Template Induction for Machine-Generated Emails 2019 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
12,219 Robust, Scalable, Real-Time Event Time Series Aggregation at Twitter 2018 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
12,238 Challenges and Experiences in Building an Efficient Apache Beam Runner For IBM Streams 2018 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
12,283 Query Processing Techniques for Big Spatial-Keyword Data 2017 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
12,310 CarStream: An Industrial System of Big Data Processing for Internet-of-Vehicles 2017 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
12,323 Toward High-Performance Distributed Stream Processing via Approximate Fault Tolerance 2017 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
12,351 The Challenges of Global-scale Data Management 2016 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
218 MillWheel: Fault-Tolerant Stream Processing at Internet Scale 2013 VLDB 0.00024379041
231 Storm @Twitter 2014 SIGMOD 0.00023830094
1,175 Photon: Fault-tolerant and Scalable Joining of Continuous Data Streams 2013 SIGMOD 0.0001164411
1,290 Querying and Mining Data Streams: You Only Get One Look 2002 SIGMOD 0.00011155963
1,633 Summingbird: A Framework for Integrating Batch and Online MapReduce Computations 2014 VLDB 0.00010015001
2,877 Continuous Queries in Oracle 2007 VLDB 7.9150085e-05
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