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LLM-R^2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency

Summary: LLM-R² augments rule-based SQL rewriting with an LLM that recommends effective rewrite rules, guided by curriculum-trained contrastive query representations and demonstrations. It improves execution efficiency while reducing reliance on inaccurate cost estimators and remains robust across datasets. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h4ab4d7968809c4bd
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
9.1493268e-05
Overall Rank
2,039 | 86.30%
DOI
10.14778/3696435.3696440

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{li_vldb25,
        title = {{LLM-R\^{}2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency}},
        author = {Li, Zhaodonghui and Yuan, Haitao and Cong, Gao and Wang, Huiming and Bing, Lidong},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {18},
        number = {1},
        pages = {53--65},
        doi = {10.14778/3696435.3696440},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3696435.3696440},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,336 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 7.4137763e-05
3,466 In-depth Analysis of Graph-based RAG in a Unified Framework 2025 VLDB 7.2783993e-05
4,132 SQLStorm: Taking Database Benchmarking into the LLM Era 2025 VLDB 6.7885553e-05
4,229 Cracking SQL Barriers: An LLM-based Dialect Translation System 2025 SIGMOD 6.7165534e-05
4,385 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 6.6235293e-05
6,586 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 5.7430662e-05
9,454 SQLBarber: A System Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.1736782e-05
9,797 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.1257999e-05
9,904 AgentTune: An Agent-Based Large Language Model Framework for Database Knob Tuning 2026 SIGMOD 5.1103839e-05
10,290 This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch! 2026 SIGMOD 5.0431863e-05
10,295 VIDEX: A Disaggregated and Extensible Virtual Index for the Cloud and AI Era 2025 VLDB 5.0431863e-05
10,359 Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! 2026 CIDR 4.9793485e-05
10,406 AgenticScholar: Agentic Data Management with Pipeline Orchestration for Scholarly Corpora 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,415 Automated Discovery of Test Oracles for Database Management Systems Using LLMs 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,432 DBugScribe: Automatic Database Bug Reproduction from Community Reports 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,436 Dialect-Agnostic SQL Parsing via LLM-Based Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,466 HAMMER: An Automatic RAG Tuning System via Hierarchical Memory-Guided Monte Carlo Tree Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,508 Succinct Structure Representations for Efficient Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,580 MCTuner: Spatial Decomposition-Enhanced Database Tuning via LLM-Guided Exploration 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,585 PLForge: Enhancing Language Models for Natural Language to Procedural Extensions of SQL 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,690 Task Cascades for Efficient Unstructured Data Processing 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,693 Practical Parameterized Query Optimization via Efficient Plan Reuse and List-wise Ranking 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,791 BookRAG: A Hierarchical Structure-aware Index-based Approach for Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Complex Documents 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,832 ReSequel: Robust LLM-assisted Query Rewriting and Optimization using Templatization and Sampling 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,918 Evaluating the Practical Effectiveness of LLM-Driven Index Tuning on Microsoft SQL Server 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,971 Verified LLM-Based Query Rewriting for Microsoft SQL Server 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,029 Graph-Based Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Applications, Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,303 LLMLog: Advanced Log Template Generation via LLM-driven Multi-Round Annotation 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,375 GRewriter: Practical Query Rewriting with Automatic Rule Set Expansion in GaussDB 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 11 of 11 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
109 Extensible/Rule Based Query Rewrite Optimization in Starburst 1992 SIGMOD 0.0003276959
118 The EXODUS Optimizer Generator 1987 SIGMOD 0.00031392616
379 Apache Calcite: A Foundational Framework for Optimized Query Processing Over Heterogeneous Data Sources 2018 SIGMOD 0.00019514689
1,513 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010429438
1,515 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00010417728
1,893 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 9.4126198e-05
2,250 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.7533306e-05
2,395 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5281914e-05
4,108 QueryBooster: Improving SQL Performance Using Middleware Services for Human-Centered Query Rewriting 2023 VLDB 6.8020689e-05
5,481 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 6.1125124e-05
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2 8,622 A Learned Query Rewrite System 2023 VLDB
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6 10,971 Verified LLM-Based Query Rewriting for Microsoft SQL Server 2026 VLDB
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8 10,359 Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! 2026 CIDR
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