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Logical and Physical Optimizations for SQL Query Execution over Large Language Models

Summary: Galois sits between SQL and LLMs, using LLMs as a storage layer with LLM-aware physical operators. LLM-focused optimization with dynamic metadata beats conventional plans, delivering up to 144% quality gains vs NL questions and 29% vs SQL. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h3e0aa7c67a3e7432
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2025
Pagerank
7.0712441e-05
Overall Rank
3,717 | 75.02%
DOI
10.1145/3725411

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{satriani_sigmod25,
        title = {{Logical and Physical Optimizations for SQL Query Execution over Large Language Models}},
        author = {Satriani, Dario and Veltri, Enzo and Santoro, Donatello and Rosato, Sara and Varriale, Simone and Papotti, Paolo},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '25},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3725411},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3725411},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 citing papers.

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
92 CrowdDB: Answering Queries with Crowdsourcing 2011 SIGMOD 0.00034670735
377 TURL: Table Understanding through Representation Learning 2021 VLDB 0.00019564011
496 Language Models Enable Simple Systems for Generating Structured Views of Heterogeneous Data Lakes 2024 VLDB 0.00017318538
655 CAESURA: Language Models as Multi-Modal Query Planners 2024 CIDR 0.00015090153
658 DocETL: Agentic Query Rewriting and Evaluation for Complex Document Processing 2025 VLDB 0.00015058738
1,258 Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011308863
1,387 Symphony: Towards Natural Language Query Answering over Multi-modal Data Lakes 2023 CIDR 0.00010829741
1,840 From Natural Language Processing to Neural Databases 2021 VLDB 9.5271706e-05
1,929 CHORUS: Foundation Models for Unified Data Discovery and Exploration 2024 VLDB 9.3551286e-05
2,117 NL2SQL is a solved problem... Not! 2024 CIDR 9.011308e-05
2,295 ThalamusDB: Approximate Query Processing on Multi-Modal Data 2024 SIGMOD 8.6822982e-05
2,592 Text2SQL is Not Enough: Unifying AI and Databases with TAG 2025 CIDR 8.243678e-05
3,321 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 7.427185e-05
3,402 RHEEM: Enabling Cross-Platform Data Processing - May The Big Data Be With You! - 2018 VLDB 7.3269775e-05
4,292 A Method for Optimizing Opaque Filter Queries 2020 SIGMOD 6.6792739e-05
4,631 Transformers for Tabular Data Representation: A Tutorial on Models and Applications 2022 VLDB 6.4926848e-05
4,789 Hybrid Querying Over Relational Databases and Large Language Models 2025 CIDR 6.4117376e-05
7,263 Entity Resolution On-Demand 2022 VLDB 5.5693872e-05
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