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A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search

Summary: Frames SQL rewriting as policy-tree search rather than fixed-order heuristics, using Monte Carlo Tree Search to avoid rewrite-order local optima. A learned improvement estimator guides rule selection, with parallel exploration yielding superior rewrites and performance. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h733aefbd3c7701c5
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
8.5298464e-05
Overall Rank
2,393 | 83.92%
DOI
10.14778/3485450.3485456
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{zhou_vldb22,
        title = {{A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search}},
        author = {Zhou, Xuanhe and Li, Guoliang and Chai, Chengliang and Feng, Jianhua},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {1},
        pages = {46--58},
        doi = {10.14778/3485450.3485456},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3485450.3485456},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 37 of 37 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,659 D-Bot: Database Diagnosis System using Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 9.9625133e-05
1,890 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 9.4234723e-05
2,037 LLM-R^2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency 2025 VLDB 9.1494269e-05
2,686 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1300913e-05
2,963 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 7.8035846e-05
3,321 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 7.427185e-05
4,085 QueryBooster: Improving SQL Performance Using Middleware Services for Human-Centered Query Rewriting 2023 VLDB 6.8129946e-05
4,229 Cracking SQL Barriers: An LLM-based Dialect Translation System 2025 SIGMOD 6.7133739e-05
4,384 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 6.6232918e-05
4,470 Real-time Workload Pattern Analysis for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2023 VLDB 6.5833414e-05
4,485 LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 6.5771335e-05
4,677 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4721041e-05
4,727 LLM for Data Management 2024 VLDB 6.4461562e-05
6,732 A Unified and Efficient Coordinating Framework for Autonomous DBMS Tuning 2023 SIGMOD 5.6921776e-05
7,021 Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch? 2023 SIGMOD 5.6168049e-05
7,546 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.4966669e-05
7,929 SlabCity: Whole-Query Optimization using Program Synthesis 2023 VLDB 5.4231855e-05
7,981 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 5.4117272e-05
8,186 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.3800965e-05
8,210 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.3761621e-05
8,620 A Learned Query Rewrite System 2023 VLDB 5.3001197e-05
8,808 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.2717563e-05
8,888 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2543468e-05
9,134 Hit the Gym: Accelerating Query Execution to Efficiently Bootstrap Behavior Models for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2024 VLDB 5.2223611e-05
9,189 FEBench: A Benchmark for Real-Time Relational Data Feature Extraction 2023 VLDB 5.2097224e-05
9,711 Database Gyms 2023 CIDR 5.1352441e-05
9,804 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.1233734e-05
9,950 Wred: Workload Reduction for Scalable Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 5.102891e-05
10,371 Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! 2026 CIDR 4.9769913e-05
10,418 AgenticScholar: Agentic Data Management with Pipeline Orchestration for Scholarly Corpora 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,448 Dialect-Agnostic SQL Parsing via LLM-Based Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,477 HAMMER: An Automatic RAG Tuning System via Hierarchical Memory-Guided Monte Carlo Tree Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,519 Succinct Structure Representations for Efficient Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,703 Practical Parameterized Query Optimization via Efficient Plan Reuse and List-wise Ranking 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,842 ReSequel: Robust LLM-assisted Query Rewriting and Optimization using Templatization and Sampling 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,381 GRewriter: Practical Query Rewriting with Automatic Rule Set Expansion in GaussDB 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,804 Demo of QueryBooster: Supporting Middleware-Based SQL Query Rewriting as a Service 2023 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061067652
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035876108
109 Extensible/Rule Based Query Rewrite Optimization in Starburst 1992 SIGMOD 0.00032757423
144 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029090793
314 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00021276452
361 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020000855
379 Apache Calcite: A Foundational Framework for Optimized Query Processing Over Heterogeneous Data Sources 2018 SIGMOD 0.00019507406
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019050182
437 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00018310278
462 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017836105
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016408613
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00014814858
1,432 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010676754
1,512 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010425349
1,605 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010095581
2,518 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.3532841e-05
2,837 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 7.9495917e-05
2,908 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.8716173e-05
3,680 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.1016555e-05
4,690 Learned Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Queries 2021 SIGMOD 6.4667478e-05
4,743 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4379536e-05
5,110 Steering Query Optimizers: A Practical Take on Big Data Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.2678118e-05
7,499 DBMind: A Self-Driving Platform in openGauss 2021 VLDB 5.5077884e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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