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A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search

Summary: Frames SQL rewriting as policy-tree search rather than fixed-order heuristics, using Monte Carlo Tree Search to avoid rewrite-order local optima. A learned improvement estimator guides rule selection, with parallel exploration yielding superior rewrites and performance. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h733aefbd3c7701c5
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
8.5281914e-05
Overall Rank
2,395 | 83.90%
DOI
10.14778/3485450.3485456

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{zhou_vldb22,
        title = {{A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search}},
        author = {Zhou, Xuanhe and Li, Guoliang and Chai, Chengliang and Feng, Jianhua},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {1},
        pages = {46--58},
        doi = {10.14778/3485450.3485456},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3485450.3485456},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 37 of 37 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,658 D-Bot: Database Diagnosis System using Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 9.9642078e-05
1,893 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 9.4126198e-05
2,039 LLM-R^2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency 2025 VLDB 9.1493268e-05
2,690 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1258173e-05
2,961 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 7.8068219e-05
3,336 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 7.4137763e-05
4,108 QueryBooster: Improving SQL Performance Using Middleware Services for Human-Centered Query Rewriting 2023 VLDB 6.8020689e-05
4,229 Cracking SQL Barriers: An LLM-based Dialect Translation System 2025 SIGMOD 6.7165534e-05
4,385 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 6.6235293e-05
4,468 Real-time Workload Pattern Analysis for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2023 VLDB 6.5863349e-05
4,482 LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 6.5802486e-05
4,683 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4716143e-05
5,149 LLM for Data Management 2024 VLDB 6.2551644e-05
6,726 A Unified and Efficient Coordinating Framework for Autonomous DBMS Tuning 2023 SIGMOD 5.6948731e-05
7,033 Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch? 2023 SIGMOD 5.6168499e-05
7,931 SlabCity: Whole-Query Optimization using Program Synthesis 2023 VLDB 5.4238328e-05
7,977 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 5.4142519e-05
8,179 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.3826446e-05
8,202 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.378708e-05
8,332 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.3528188e-05
8,622 A Learned Query Rewrite System 2023 VLDB 5.3012467e-05
8,800 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.2742531e-05
8,879 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2568354e-05
9,133 Hit the Gym: Accelerating Query Execution to Efficiently Bootstrap Behavior Models for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2024 VLDB 5.2229655e-05
9,179 FEBench: A Benchmark for Real-Time Relational Data Feature Extraction 2023 VLDB 5.2121898e-05
9,706 Database Gyms 2023 CIDR 5.1376763e-05
9,797 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.1257999e-05
10,297 Wred: Workload Reduction for Scalable Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 5.0430432e-05
10,359 Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! 2026 CIDR 4.9793485e-05
10,406 AgenticScholar: Agentic Data Management with Pipeline Orchestration for Scholarly Corpora 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,436 Dialect-Agnostic SQL Parsing via LLM-Based Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,466 HAMMER: An Automatic RAG Tuning System via Hierarchical Memory-Guided Monte Carlo Tree Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,508 Succinct Structure Representations for Efficient Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,693 Practical Parameterized Query Optimization via Efficient Plan Reuse and List-wise Ranking 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,832 ReSequel: Robust LLM-assisted Query Rewriting and Optimization using Templatization and Sampling 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,375 GRewriter: Practical Query Rewriting with Automatic Rule Set Expansion in GaussDB 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,798 Demo of QueryBooster: Supporting Middleware-Based SQL Query Rewriting as a Service 2023 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
109 Extensible/Rule Based Query Rewrite Optimization in Starburst 1992 SIGMOD 0.0003276959
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
314 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00021282642
362 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019989474
379 Apache Calcite: A Foundational Framework for Optimized Query Processing Over Heterogeneous Data Sources 2018 SIGMOD 0.00019514689
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
437 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00018315867
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016403151
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.0001481781
1,433 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010677711
1,513 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010429438
1,603 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010097649
2,522 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.3477168e-05
2,842 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 7.949193e-05
2,908 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.8742664e-05
3,682 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.1013922e-05
4,688 Learned Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Queries 2021 SIGMOD 6.4697463e-05
4,741 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4410027e-05
5,110 Steering Query Optimizers: A Practical Take on Big Data Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.269351e-05
7,492 DBMind: A Self-Driving Platform in openGauss 2021 VLDB 5.510397e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 10,508 Succinct Structure Representations for Efficient Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD
2 13,996 Rewrite Rules for Search Database Systems 2011 PODS
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6 6,224 Scalable Query Rewriting: A Graph-Based Approach 2011 SIGMOD
7 3,336 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD
8 51 Efficient Query Evaluation on Probabilistic Databases 2004 VLDB
9 2,039 LLM-R^2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency 2025 VLDB
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