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A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search

Summary: Frames SQL rewriting as policy-tree search rather than fixed-order heuristics, using Monte Carlo Tree Search to avoid rewrite-order local optima. A learned improvement estimator guides rule selection, with parallel exploration yielding superior rewrites and performance. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h733aefbd3c7701c5
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
8.5228689e-05
Overall Rank
2,389 | 83.99%
DOI
10.14778/3485450.3485456
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{zhou_vldb22,
        title = {{A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search}},
        author = {Zhou, Xuanhe and Li, Guoliang and Chai, Chengliang and Feng, Jianhua},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {1},
        pages = {46--58},
        doi = {10.14778/3485450.3485456},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3485450.3485456},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 37 of 37 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,656 D-Bot: Database Diagnosis System using Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 9.948529e-05
1,888 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 9.4148912e-05
1,956 LLM-R^2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency 2025 VLDB 9.2927535e-05
2,696 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1068354e-05
2,971 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 7.7851336e-05
3,158 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 7.5676704e-05
4,004 Cracking SQL Barriers: An LLM-based Dialect Translation System 2025 SIGMOD 6.846192e-05
4,079 QueryBooster: Improving SQL Performance Using Middleware Services for Human-Centered Query Rewriting 2023 VLDB 6.8026178e-05
4,383 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 6.6140223e-05
4,489 Real-time Workload Pattern Analysis for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2023 VLDB 6.5619575e-05
4,508 LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 6.5553854e-05
4,683 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4545989e-05
4,729 LLM for Data Management 2024 VLDB 6.4317927e-05
6,158 Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch? 2023 SIGMOD 5.8518237e-05
6,752 A Unified and Efficient Coordinating Framework for Autonomous DBMS Tuning 2023 SIGMOD 5.6733557e-05
7,561 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.4784915e-05
7,941 SlabCity: Whole-Query Optimization using Program Synthesis 2023 VLDB 5.4056478e-05
7,997 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 5.3938336e-05
8,201 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.3623066e-05
8,225 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.3583852e-05
8,639 A Learned Query Rewrite System 2023 VLDB 5.2825942e-05
8,825 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.2543246e-05
8,908 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2369727e-05
9,154 Hit the Gym: Accelerating Query Execution to Efficiently Bootstrap Behavior Models for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2024 VLDB 5.2050937e-05
9,213 FEBench: A Benchmark for Real-Time Relational Data Feature Extraction 2023 VLDB 5.1926696e-05
9,731 Database Gyms 2023 CIDR 5.120066e-05
9,754 Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! 2026 CIDR 5.115551e-05
9,837 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.1064323e-05
9,983 Wred: Workload Reduction for Scalable Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 5.0860177e-05
10,484 AgenticScholar: Agentic Data Management with Pipeline Orchestration for Scholarly Corpora 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,514 Dialect-Agnostic SQL Parsing via LLM-Based Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,543 HAMMER: An Automatic RAG Tuning System via Hierarchical Memory-Guided Monte Carlo Tree Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,585 Succinct Structure Representations for Efficient Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,764 Practical Parameterized Query Optimization via Efficient Plan Reuse and List-wise Ranking 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,903 ReSequel: Robust LLM-assisted Query Rewriting and Optimization using Templatization and Sampling 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,434 GRewriter: Practical Query Rewriting with Automatic Rule Set Expansion in GaussDB 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,848 Demo of QueryBooster: Supporting Middleware-Based SQL Query Rewriting as a Service 2023 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061463175
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035920657
109 Extensible/Rule Based Query Rewrite Optimization in Starburst 1992 SIGMOD 0.00032702871
142 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029114937
309 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.0002143249
355 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020146245
382 Apache Calcite: A Foundational Framework for Optimized Query Processing Over Heterogeneous Data Sources 2018 SIGMOD 0.0001946654
405 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019020138
411 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.0001874043
453 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001801482
545 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001657599
676 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00014838681
1,436 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010658836
1,509 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010415166
1,609 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.0001007196
2,523 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.3316032e-05
2,768 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 8.0199086e-05
2,913 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.855786e-05
3,687 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.0797286e-05
4,703 Learned Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Queries 2021 SIGMOD 6.4458272e-05
4,765 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4166895e-05
5,126 Steering Query Optimizers: A Practical Take on Big Data Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.2493606e-05
7,517 DBMind: A Self-Driving Platform in openGauss 2021 VLDB 5.4895762e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 10,585 Succinct Structure Representations for Efficient Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD
2 14,041 Rewrite Rules for Search Database Systems 2011 PODS
3 8,114 Monte Carlo Tree Search for Generating Interactive Data Analysis Interfaces 2020 SIGMOD
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7 3,158 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD
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9 1,956 LLM-R^2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency 2025 VLDB
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