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TURL: Table Understanding through Representation Learning

Summary: TURL pre-trains a structure-aware Transformer over Web tables using Masked Entity Recovery, learning contextual row-column representations. One universal model transfers via lightweight fine-tuning across six table-understanding tasks, outperforming heavily engineered task-specific methods. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h68d78689ddbe033a
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00019564011
Overall Rank
377 | 97.47%
DOI
10.14778/3430915.3430921
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{deng_vldb21,
        title = {{TURL: Table Understanding through Representation Learning}},
        author = {Deng, Xiang and Sun, Huan and Lees, Alyssa and Wu, You and Yu, Cong},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {3},
        pages = {307--319},
        doi = {10.14778/3430915.3430921},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3430915.3430921},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 58 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
329 Can Foundation Models Wrangle Your Data? 2023 VLDB 0.00020867521
1,778 Annotating Columns with Pre-trained Language Models 2022 SIGMOD 9.6578031e-05
1,854 Semantics-aware Dataset Discovery from Data Lakes with Contextualized Column-based Representation Learning 2023 VLDB 9.4961138e-05
1,929 CHORUS: Foundation Models for Unified Data Discovery and Exploration 2024 VLDB 9.3551286e-05
1,977 Table-GPT: Table Fine-tuned GPT for Diverse Table Tasks 2024 SIGMOD 9.2760522e-05
1,990 SANTOS: Relationship-based Semantic Table Union Search 2023 SIGMOD 9.2443028e-05
1,993 RPT: Relational Pre-trained Transformer Is Almost All You Need towards Democratizing Data Preparation 2021 VLDB 9.2348951e-05
2,378 DeepJoin: Joinable Table Discovery with Pre-trained Language Models 2023 VLDB 8.5495442e-05
2,520 GitTables: A Large-Scale Corpus of Relational Tables 2023 SIGMOD 8.3489561e-05
3,236 How Large Language Models Will Disrupt Data Management 2023 VLDB 7.4996147e-05
3,473 Unicorn: A Unified Multi-tasking Model for Supporting Matching Tasks in Data Integration 2023 SIGMOD 7.2697311e-05
3,617 Leva: Boosting Machine Learning Performance with Relational Embedding Data Augmentation 2022 SIGMOD 7.1540505e-05
3,717 Logical and Physical Optimizations for SQL Query Execution over Large Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 7.0712441e-05
4,159 Integrating Data Lake Tables 2023 VLDB 6.7687144e-05
4,591 ArcheType: A Novel Framework for Open-Source Column Type Annotation using Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 6.5113872e-05
4,631 Transformers for Tabular Data Representation: A Tutorial on Models and Applications 2022 VLDB 6.4926848e-05
4,708 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.4559477e-05
5,168 Auto-Tables: Synthesizing Multi-Step Transformations to Relationalize Tables without Using Examples 2023 VLDB 6.2432932e-05
5,322 Observatory: Characterizing Embeddings of Relational Tables 2024 VLDB 6.1809951e-05
5,645 Self-supervised and Interpretable Data Cleaning with Sequence Generative Adversarial Networks 2023 VLDB 6.0509471e-05
5,686 DTT: An Example-Driven Tabular Transformer for Joinability by Leveraging Large Language Models 2024 SIGMOD 6.0347166e-05
6,408 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.7921918e-05
6,924 CtxPipe: Context-aware Data Preparation Pipeline Construction for Machine Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.6405901e-05
7,164 WarpGate: A Semantic Join Discovery System for Cloud Data Warehouses 2023 CIDR 5.5934028e-05
7,199 Cross Modal Data Discovery over Structured and Unstructured Data Lakes 2023 VLDB 5.5864204e-05
7,386 Towards Foundation Database Models 2025 CIDR 5.5360368e-05
7,589 Data Imputation with Limited Data Redundancy Using Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 5.4880216e-05
7,933 TabulaX: Leveraging Large Language Models for Multi-Class Table Transformations 2025 VLDB 5.4228804e-05
8,582 OmniMatch: Joinability Discovery in Data Products 2025 VLDB 5.3097022e-05
8,601 RECA: Related Tables Enhanced Column Semantic Type Annotation Framework 2023 VLDB 5.3038325e-05
8,997 Watchog: A Light-weight Contrastive Learning based Framework for Column Annotation 2023 SIGMOD 5.2400249e-05
9,006 ANN Softmax: Acceleration of Extreme Classification Training 2022 VLDB 5.2375792e-05
9,078 Unveiling Challenges for LLMs in Enterprise Data Engineering 2026 VLDB 5.2258409e-05
9,254 Making Table Understanding Work in Practice 2022 CIDR 5.2032182e-05
9,320 VerifAI: Verified Generative AI 2024 CIDR 5.1941278e-05
9,623 GIDCL: A Graph-Enhanced Interpretable Data Cleaning Framework with Large Language Models 2024 SIGMOD 5.1486163e-05
10,116 Data Augmentation for ML-driven Data Preparation and Integration 2021 VLDB 5.0765311e-05
10,169 Cents: A Flexible and Cost-Effective Framework for LLM-Based Table Understanding 2025 VLDB 5.0658661e-05
10,344 QueryArtisan: Generating Data Manipulation Codes for Ad-hoc Analysis in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 5.0176429e-05
10,458 CONE: Embeddings for Complex Numerical Data Preserving Unit and Variable Semantics 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,563 Burr: A Benchmark for Ontology Learning from Relational Databases 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,606 Retrieve-and-Verify: A Table Context Selection Framework for Accurate Column Annotations 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,631 AutoDDG: Automated Dataset Description Generation using Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,684 Qualitative Join Discovery in Data Lakes using Examples 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,748 OpenSQL: Data-Efficient Text-to-SQL for Open-Source LLMs via Synthesized Intermediate Supervision 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,826 FedAugment: Table Augmentation Search over Decentralized Data Repositories 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,047 Semantic Data Systems: From Data Management to Data Understanding 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,201 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,209 Table Overlap Estimation through Graph Embeddings 2025 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,264 Birdie: Natural Language-Driven Table Discovery Using Differentiable Search Index 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

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