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Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values

Summary: Prove any sublinear-sample estimator for distinct counts must suffer large error on some natural distributions unless it reads a large fraction of the data. Give an estimator matching this lower bound and practical heuristics for typical distributions, validated empirically. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h756917086daf43e7
Venue
PODS
Year
2000
Pagerank
0.00021914399
Overall Rank
295 | 98.02%
DOI
10.1145/335168.335230

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{charikar_pods00,
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        series = {{PODS} '00},
        title = {{Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values}},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/335168.335230},
        doi = {10.1145/335168.335230},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} Symposium on {Principles} of {Database} {Systems}},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        author = {Charikar, Moses and Chaudhuri, Surajit and Motwani, Rajeev and Narasayya, Vivek},
        year = {2000}
}

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26 Models and Issues in Data Stream Systems 2002 PODS 0.00052121228
267 Distinct Sampling for Highly-Accurate Answers to Distinct Values Queries and Event Reports 2001 VLDB 0.00022722971
372 Approximate Query Processing: Taming the TeraBytes! A Tutorial 2001 VLDB 0.00019720059
386 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019444411
707 On Synopses for Distinct-Value Estimation Under Multiset Operations 2007 SIGMOD 0.00014640173
975 Democratizing Data Science through Interactive Curation of ML Pipelines 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012750518
1,082 Approximate Query Processing: No Silver Bullet 2017 SIGMOD 0.00012122749
1,257 Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011310561
1,536 Cardinality Estimation: An Experimental Survey 2018 VLDB 0.00010327422
1,614 Compressed Linear Algebra for Large-Scale Machine Learning 2016 VLDB 0.00010071891
1,720 A Sample-and-Clean Framework for Fast and Accurate Query Processing on Dirty Data 2014 SIGMOD 9.7965659e-05
1,826 Effective Use of Block-Level Sampling in Statistics Estimation 2004 SIGMOD 9.5575424e-05
1,916 The Analytical Bootstrap: a New Method for Fast Error Estimation in Approximate Query Processing 2014 SIGMOD 9.3837729e-05
2,000 Sample + Seek: Approximating Aggregates with Distribution Precision Guarantee 2016 SIGMOD 9.2112617e-05
2,171 Summarizing and Mining Inverse Distributions on Data Streams via Dynamic Inverse Sampling 2005 VLDB 8.9239861e-05
2,329 Correlation Maps: A Compressed Access Method for Exploiting Soft Functional Dependencies 2009 VLDB 8.6292256e-05
2,354 Hashed Samples: Selectivity Estimators For Set Similarity Selection Queries 2008 VLDB 8.5896515e-05
2,433 Cardinality Estimation Using Sample Views with Quality Assurance 2007 SIGMOD 8.4766785e-05
2,504 Query-Oriented Data Cleaning with Oracles 2015 SIGMOD 8.3782213e-05
2,677 Relational Confidence Bounds Are Easy With The Bootstrap* 2005 SIGMOD 8.1461074e-05
2,776 Approximate Selection with Guarantees using Proxies 2020 VLDB 8.0309448e-05
2,807 Sampling Time-Based Sliding Windows in Bounded Space 2008 SIGMOD 7.982663e-05
3,090 Correlation Sketches for Approximate Join-Correlation Queries 2021 SIGMOD 7.6584982e-05
3,131 Every Row Counts: Combining Sketches and Sampling for Accurate Group-By Result Estimates 2019 CIDR 7.6141006e-05
3,211 Comparing Data Streams Using Hamming Norms (How to Zero In) 2002 VLDB 7.536045e-05
3,272 Processing Set Expressions over Continuous Update Streams 2003 SIGMOD 7.4734096e-05
3,305 Optimal and Approximate Computation of Summary Statistics for Range Aggregates 2001 PODS 7.4424817e-05
3,500 CORADD: Correlation Aware Database Designer for Materialized Views and Indexes 2010 VLDB 7.2534237e-05
4,007 Automated Generation of Materialized Views in Oracle 2020 VLDB 6.8592987e-05
4,069 Dynamically Optimizing Queries over Large Scale Data Platforms 2014 SIGMOD 6.821366e-05
4,330 MNC: Structure-Exploiting Sparsity Estimation for Matrix Expressions 2019 SIGMOD 6.6595681e-05
4,855 Efficiently Approximating Query Optimizer Plan Diagrams 2008 VLDB 6.3799739e-05
5,473 ABS: a System for Scalable Approximate Queries with Accuracy Guarantees 2014 SIGMOD 6.1178467e-05
5,656 Uncertainty Aware Query Execution Time Prediction 2014 VLDB 6.0488629e-05
5,815 Exploiting Ordered Dictionaries to Efficiently Construct Histograms with Q-Error Guarantees in SAP HANA 2014 SIGMOD 5.9844993e-05
5,840 Pre-training Summarization Models of Structured Datasets for Cardinality Estimation 2022 VLDB 5.9737703e-05
5,853 Compression Aware Physical Database Design 2011 VLDB 5.9710387e-05
6,106 Optimization of Conjunctive Predicates for Main Memory Column Stores 2016 VLDB 5.8859291e-05
6,113 Robustness Metrics for Relational Query Execution Plans 2018 VLDB 5.8823242e-05
6,169 Automatic Optimization of Matrix Implementations for Distributed Machine Learning and Linear Algebra 2021 SIGMOD 5.8624857e-05
6,880 Estimating the Impact of Unknown Unknowns on Aggregate Query Results 2016 SIGMOD 5.6573214e-05
7,429 Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values 2022 VLDB 5.5300853e-05
7,471 Fast Detection of Denial Constraint Violations 2022 VLDB 5.5176505e-05
7,510 Efficient and Scalable Statistics Gathering for Large Databases in Oracle 11g 2008 SIGMOD 5.5055437e-05
8,345 MONSOON: Multi-Step Optimization and Execution of Queries with Partially Obscured Predicates 2020 SIGMOD 5.3511996e-05
8,347 alpha to omega: The Greek Alphabet of Sampling 2020 CIDR 5.350539e-05
8,830 Automated Clustering Recommendation With Database Zone Maps 2024 SIGMOD 5.2683285e-05
9,012 ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.2375369e-05
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9,142 Histograms Reloaded: The Merits of Bucket Diversity 2010 SIGMOD 5.220581e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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