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The Aqua Approximate Query Answering System

Summary: Aqua precomputes synopses and rewrites aggregates for fast, approximate results with probabilistic guarantees on any RDBMS. Incremental maintenance keeps synopses up to date as data changes, enabling orders-of-magnitude faster queries when precision is unnecessary. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
ha7ec66bcb54f928a
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1999
Pagerank
0.00020657819
Overall Rank
336 | 97.75%
DOI
10.1145/304182.304581

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{acharya_sigmod99,
        title = {{The Aqua Approximate Query Answering System}},
        author = {Acharya, Swarup and Gibbons, Phillip B. and Poosala, Viswanath and Ramaswamy, Sridhar},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '99},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/304182.304581},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/304182.304581},
        year = {1999}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 59 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
126 Trio: A System for Integrated Management of Data, Accuracy, and Lineage 2005 CIDR 0.00030439683
138 Join Synopses for Approximate Query Answering 1999 SIGMOD 0.00029627449
267 Distinct Sampling for Highly-Accurate Answers to Distinct Values Queries and Event Reports 2001 VLDB 0.00022722971
494 An Optimal Algorithm for the Distinct Elements Problem 2010 PODS 0.00017387321
742 Dynamic Multidimensional Histograms 2002 SIGMOD 0.0001431602
784 VerdictDB: Universalizing Approximate Query Processing 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014012614
840 Quickr: Lazily Approximating Complex AdHoc Queries in BigData Clusters 2016 SIGMOD 0.0001354605
1,082 Approximate Query Processing: No Silver Bullet 2017 SIGMOD 0.00012122749
1,183 ICICLES: Self-tuning Samples for Approximate Query Answering 2000 VLDB 0.00011616705
1,215 Overview of Data Exploration Techniques 2015 SIGMOD 0.00011492648
1,409 Northstar: An Interactive Data Science System 2018 VLDB 0.00010743451
1,567 Crossing the Structure Chasm 2003 CIDR 0.00010213092
1,661 Rapid Sampling for Visualizations with Ordering Guarantees 2015 VLDB 9.9535453e-05
1,687 Global Optimization of Histograms 2001 SIGMOD 9.8655879e-05
1,720 A Sample-and-Clean Framework for Fast and Accurate Query Processing on Dirty Data 2014 SIGMOD 9.7965659e-05
1,797 IDEBench: A Benchmark for Interactive Data Exploration 2020 SIGMOD 9.6187325e-05
1,829 DBEst: Revisiting Approximate Query Processing Engines with Machine Learning Models 2019 SIGMOD 9.5510333e-05
1,868 G-OLA: Generalized On-Line Aggregation for Interactive Analysis on Big Data 2015 SIGMOD 9.4754064e-05
1,916 The Analytical Bootstrap: a New Method for Fast Error Estimation in Approximate Query Processing 2014 SIGMOD 9.3837729e-05
2,000 Sample + Seek: Approximating Aggregates with Distribution Precision Guarantee 2016 SIGMOD 9.2112617e-05
2,027 Database Learning: Toward a Database that Becomes Smarter Every Time 2017 SIGMOD 9.1618139e-05
2,433 Cardinality Estimation Using Sample Views with Quality Assurance 2007 SIGMOD 8.4766785e-05
2,456 A Sampling Algebra for Aggregate Estimation 2013 VLDB 8.4377192e-05
2,677 Relational Confidence Bounds Are Easy With The Bootstrap* 2005 SIGMOD 8.1461074e-05
3,163 REHIST: Relative Error Histogram Construction Algorithms 2004 VLDB 7.5789852e-05
3,305 Optimal and Approximate Computation of Summary Statistics for Range Aggregates 2001 PODS 7.4424817e-05
3,327 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.4207879e-05
3,341 I've Seen "Enough": Incrementally Improving Visualizations to Support Rapid Decision Making 2017 VLDB 7.4063139e-05
3,419 Revisiting Reuse for Approximate Query Processing 2017 VLDB 7.3190065e-05
3,424 AQP++: Connecting Approximate Query Processing With Aggregate Precomputation for Interactive Analytics 2018 SIGMOD 7.3117029e-05
3,648 Davos: A System for Interactive Data-Driven Decision Making 2021 VLDB 7.1370661e-05
3,988 Exploiting Correlations for Expensive Predicate Evaluation 2015 SIGMOD 6.871854e-05
4,211 Efficient Selection of Geospatial Data on Maps for Interactive and Visualized Exploration 2018 SIGMOD 6.7322425e-05
4,457 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.5913732e-05
4,796 Rethinking Data Management for Storage-centric Sensor Networks 2007 CIDR 6.4114857e-05
4,870 Estimating arbitrary subset sums with few probes 2005 PODS 6.3737999e-05
4,932 Space efficiency in Synopsis construction algorithms 2005 VLDB 6.3483816e-05
5,021 Adaptive Sampling for Rapidly Matching Histograms 2018 VLDB 6.3106761e-05
5,044 Lightweight Cardinality Estimation in LSM-based Systems 2018 SIGMOD 6.30014e-05
5,473 ABS: a System for Scalable Approximate Queries with Accuracy Guarantees 2014 SIGMOD 6.1178467e-05
5,778 Data Streams with Bounded Deletions 2018 PODS 5.9977531e-05
5,877 BlinkML: Efficient Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Probabilistic Guarantees 2019 SIGMOD 5.9627218e-05
6,227 iOLAP: Managing Uncertainty for Efficient Incremental OLAP 2016 SIGMOD 5.8452386e-05
6,282 Mosaic: A Sample-Based Database System for Open World Query Processing 2020 CIDR 5.8237283e-05
6,706 Tempura: A General Cost-Based Optimizer Framework for Incremental Data Processing 2021 VLDB 5.7049776e-05
7,701 Enabling Efficient and General Subpopulation Analytics in Multidimensional Data Streams 2022 VLDB 5.474978e-05
8,223 PilotDB: Database-Agnostic Online Approximate Query Processing with A Priori Error Guarantees 2025 SIGMOD 5.3751366e-05
8,543 The DBO Database System 2008 SIGMOD 5.3187151e-05
8,776 CoopStore: Optimizing Precomputed Summaries for Aggregation 2020 VLDB 5.2800094e-05
9,417 Towards Observability for Production Machine Learning Pipelines 2022 VLDB 5.1803615e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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