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Out-of-Order Processing: A New Architecture for High-Performance Stream Systems

Summary: OOP architecture removes in-order constraints by using progress indicators (punctuation/heartbeats) to unblock operators. Implemented in Gigascope and NiagaraST, OOP improves memory, throughput, and latency versus IOP, especially under bursty workloads. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hcd7f69eff0e89bbc
Venue
VLDB
Year
2008
Pagerank
0.00011566535
Overall Rank
1,197 | 91.96%
DOI
10.14778/1453856.1453860

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{li_vldb08,
        title = {{Out-of-Order Processing: A New Architecture for High-Performance Stream Systems}},
        author = {Li, Jin and Tufte, Kristin and Shkapenyuk, Vladislav and Papadimos, Vassilis and Johnson, Theodore and Maier, David},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '08},
        volume = {1},
        number = {1},
        pages = {274--285},
        doi = {10.14778/1453856.1453860},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/1453856.1453860},
        year = {2008}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 33 of 33 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
218 MillWheel: Fault-Tolerant Stream Processing at Internet Scale 2013 VLDB 0.00024390324
325 The Dataflow Model: A Practical Approach to Balancing Correctness, Latency, and Cost in Massive-Scale, Unbounded, Out-of-Order Data Processing 2015 VLDB 0.00020964941
1,985 Continuous Analytics Over Discontinuous Streams 2010 SIGMOD 9.2521678e-05
3,400 High-Performance Dynamic Pattern Matching over Disordered Streams 2010 VLDB 7.3336355e-05
4,098 On-the-fly Progress Detection in Iterative Stream Queries 2009 VLDB 6.8090144e-05
4,450 Consistency and Completeness: Rethinking Distributed Stream Processing in Apache Kafka 2021 SIGMOD 6.594912e-05
4,552 Consistency in a Stream Warehouse 2011 CIDR 6.5395788e-05
4,866 Clonos: Consistent Causal Recovery for Highly-Available Streaming Dataflows 2021 SIGMOD 6.3754084e-05
4,918 LightSaber: Efficient Window Aggregation on Multi-core Processors 2020 SIGMOD 6.3548575e-05
5,222 To Share, or not to Share Online Event Trend Aggregation Over Bursty Event Streams 2021 SIGMOD 6.2214303e-05
5,434 Low-Latency Handshake Join 2014 VLDB 6.1305768e-05
5,843 Optimal and General Out-of-Order Sliding-Window Aggregation 2019 VLDB 5.9731599e-05
6,227 iOLAP: Managing Uncertainty for Efficient Incremental OLAP 2016 SIGMOD 5.8452386e-05
6,266 Beyond Analytics: The Evolution of Stream Processing Systems 2020 SIGMOD 5.8303329e-05
6,304 GRETA: Graph-based Real-time Event Trend Aggregation 2018 VLDB 5.8183983e-05
6,787 Hazelcast Jet: Low-latency Stream Processing at the 99.99th Percentile 2021 VLDB 5.6820544e-05
7,077 Inter-Operator Feedback in Data Stream Management Systems via Punctuation 2009 CIDR 5.6061041e-05
7,319 Ananke: A Streaming Framework for Live Forward Provenance 2021 VLDB 5.5543783e-05
7,751 Quality-Driven Continuous Query Execution over Out-of-Order Data Streams 2015 SIGMOD 5.4595244e-05
8,489 Event Trend Aggregation Under Rich Event Matching Semantics 2019 SIGMOD 5.3316951e-05
8,992 DLACEP: A Deep-Learning Based Framework for Approximate Complex Event Processing 2022 SIGMOD 5.2419954e-05
9,138 Distance-based Outlier Query Optimization in Apache IoTDB 2024 VLDB 5.2215566e-05
9,432 Data Stream Warehousing in Tidalrace 2015 CIDR 5.1782278e-05
9,648 Disaggregated State Management in Apache Flink 2.0 2025 VLDB 5.1453267e-05
9,964 Dynamic Graph Databases with Out-of-order Updates 2024 VLDB 5.1038322e-05
10,268 Keep Your Distributed Data Warehouse Consistent at a Minimal Cost 2023 SIGMOD 5.0491419e-05
11,036 The Dataflow Model Revisited Or: That Feeling When You Realize Every Problem You've Been Solving Is a Database Problem 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,372 Scribe: How Meta transports terabytes per second in real time 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,506 PECJ: Stream Window Join on Disorder Data Streams with Proactive Error Compensation 2024 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,772 Out-of-Order Sliding-Window Aggregation with Efficient Bulk Evictions and Insertions 2023 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,940 Synchronization Schemas 2021 PODS 4.9793485e-05
11,972 Klink: Progress-Aware Scheduling for Streaming Data Systems 2021 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,815 Tagging Stream Data for Rich Real-Time Services 2009 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
53 Eddies: Continuously Adaptive Query Processing 2000 SIGMOD 0.00040860054
240 Gigascope: A Stream Database for Network Applications 2003 SIGMOD 0.00023435436
429 Flexible Time Management in Data Stream Systems 2004 PODS 0.00018439857
1,108 Maximizing the Output Rate of Multi-Way Join Queries over Streaming Information Sources 2003 VLDB 0.00011991195
1,286 Resource Sharing in Continuous Sliding-Window Aggregates 2004 VLDB 0.0001119284
1,383 On-the-Fly Sharing for Streamed Aggregation 2006 SIGMOD 0.00010847646
1,674 Semantics and Evaluation Techniques for Window Aggregates in Data Streams 2005 SIGMOD 9.922398e-05
1,703 Online Dynamic Reordering for Interactive Data Processing 1999 VLDB 9.8315219e-05
1,796 Dynamic Pipeline Scheduling for Improving Interactive Query Performance 2001 VLDB 9.6193021e-05
1,828 Fault-Tolerance in the Borealis Distributed Stream Processing System 2005 SIGMOD 9.5516021e-05
2,753 Processing Sliding Window Multi-Joins in Continuous Queries over Data Streams 2003 VLDB 8.0549317e-05
2,782 Scheduling for shared window joins over data streams 2003 VLDB 8.0252514e-05
3,094 Holistic UDAFs at Streaming Speeds 2004 SIGMOD 7.6533343e-05
3,324 A Heartbeat Mechanism and its Application in Gigascope 2005 VLDB 7.4285048e-05
3,727 Memory-Limited Execution of Windowed Stream Joins 2004 VLDB 7.0696489e-05
8,267 Safety Guarantee of Continuous Join Queries over Punctuated Data Streams 2006 VLDB 5.3648996e-05
8,268 CAPE: Continuous Query Engine with Heterogeneous-Grained Adaptivity 2004 VLDB 5.3648996e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 9,640 Providing Resiliency to Load Variations in Distributed Stream Processing 2006 VLDB
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4 325 The Dataflow Model: A Practical Approach to Balancing Correctness, Latency, and Cost in Massive-Scale, Unbounded, Out-of-Order Data Processing 2015 VLDB
5 7,077 Inter-Operator Feedback in Data Stream Management Systems via Punctuation 2009 CIDR
6 11,772 Out-of-Order Sliding-Window Aggregation with Efficient Bulk Evictions and Insertions 2023 VLDB
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