Magneto: Combining Small and Large Language Models for Schema Matching

Summary: Magneto uses a two-phase retrieval+reranking pipeline that leverages cheap small LMs to generate candidates and powerful LLMs to rerank, trading minimal compute for high matching accuracy. Novel contributions: LLM-synthesized self-supervised SLM fine-tuning, effective reranking prompts, and a challenging biomedical benchmark. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: he45ee1c73b7c425b
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2025
Pagerank: 6.7270169e-05
Overall Rank: 4,218 | 71.65%
DOI: 10.14778/3742728.3742757

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Yurong Liu (New York University)
2. Eduardo H. M. Pena (Federal University of Technology Paraná; New York University)
3. Aécio Santos (New York University)
4. Eden Wu (New York University)
5. Juliana Freire (New York University)

BibTeX Citation

@article{liu_vldb25,
        title = {{Magneto: Combining Small and Large Language Models for Schema Matching}},
        author = {Liu, Yurong and Pena, Eduardo H. M. and Santos, Aécio and Wu, Eden and Freire, Juliana},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {18},
        number = {8},
        pages = {2681--2694},
        doi = {10.14778/3742728.3742757},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3742728.3742757},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
4,731	QUEST: Query Optimization in Unstructured Document Analysis	2025	VLDB	6.4462032e-05
8,574	OmniMatch: Joinability Discovery in Data Products	2025	VLDB	5.312217e-05
9,069	Unveiling Challenges for LLMs in Enterprise Data Engineering	2026	VLDB	5.2283159e-05
10,165	Cents: A Flexible and Cost-Effective Framework for LLM-Based Table Understanding	2025	VLDB	5.0682654e-05
10,447	CONE: Embeddings for Complex Numerical Data Preserving Unit and Variable Semantics	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,499	Shape-Agnostic Table Overlap Discovery: A Maximum Common Subhypergraph Approach	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,691	The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,772	Human-Centered Exploration of Table Unionability	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
10,837	EcoTable: Cost-effective Table Integration in Data Lakes for Natural Language Queries	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,024	Bridging LLMs and Database Systems: A Deep Dive into Enhanced Relational Operators	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,031	Interoperability in Healthcare: A Primer and New Frontiers	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,038	Semantic Data Systems: From Data Management to Data Understanding	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
296	Generic Schema Matching with Cupid	2001	VLDB	0.00021867512
329	Can Foundation Models Wrangle Your Data?	2023	VLDB	0.00020858443
407	COMA - A system for flexible combination of schema matching approaches	2002	VLDB	0.00019026291
484	Data Integration for the Relational Web	2009	VLDB	0.00017548541
1,146	Schema and Ontology Matching with COMA++	2005	SIGMOD	0.00011815973
1,391	Creating Embeddings of Heterogeneous Relational Datasets for Data Integration Tasks	2020	SIGMOD	0.00010816237
1,780	Annotating Columns with Pre-trained Language Models	2022	SIGMOD	9.6560923e-05
1,852	Semantics-aware Dataset Discovery from Data Lakes with Contextualized Column-based Representation Learning	2023	VLDB	9.5004635e-05
1,932	CHORUS: Foundation Models for Unified Data Discovery and Exploration	2024	VLDB	9.34643e-05
1,978	Table-GPT: Table Fine-tuned GPT for Diverse Table Tasks	2024	SIGMOD	9.2730152e-05
1,988	SANTOS: Relationship-based Semantic Table Union Search	2023	SIGMOD	9.2482448e-05
2,158	Open Data Integration	2018	VLDB	8.941016e-05
2,382	DeepJoin: Joinable Table Discovery with Pre-trained Language Models	2023	VLDB	8.5458532e-05
3,470	Automatic Discovery of Attributes in Relational Databases	2011	SIGMOD	7.2765721e-05
3,473	Unicorn: A Unified Multi-tasking Model for Supporting Matching Tasks in Data Integration	2023	SIGMOD	7.2728706e-05
4,589	ArcheType: A Novel Framework for Open-Source Column Type Annotation using Large Language Models	2024	VLDB	6.5144711e-05
4,630	Transformers for Tabular Data Representation: A Tutorial on Models and Applications	2022	VLDB	6.4953891e-05
5,765	Top-K Generation of Integrated Schemas Based on Directed and Weighted Correspondences	2009	SIGMOD	6.0026982e-05
6,883	ADnEV: Cross-Domain Schema Matching using Deep Similarity Matrix Adjustment and Evaluation	2020	VLDB	5.6565418e-05
8,421	Sampling Methods for Inner Product Sketching	2024	VLDB	5.3350162e-05

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