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A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching

Summary: Map tuples to integers by bit-interleaving (Morton/Z-order), letting conventional 1D indexes (e.g., B-trees) index multidimensional data. Produces a class of structures—an efficiently balanceable kd-tree variant, a simpler multidimensional B-tree, and related range-search indexes—that also support efficient set operations. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hf516f7f7ae7249d9
Venue
PODS
Year
1984
Pagerank
0.00022688423
Overall Rank
267 | 98.22%
DOI
10.1145/588011.588037

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{orenstein_pods84,
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        series = {{PODS} '84},
        title = {{A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching}},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/588011.588037},
        doi = {10.1145/588011.588037},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} Symposium on {Principles} of {Database} {Systems}},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        author = {Orenstein, J. A. and Merrett, T. H.},
        year = {1984}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 39 of 39 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
102 Spatial Query Processing in an Object-Oriented Database System 1986 SIGMOD 0.00033850505
146 Efficient Processing of Spatial Joins Using R-trees 1993 SIGMOD 0.000289618
226 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.0002389883
363 Linear Clustering of Objects with Multiple Attributes 1990 SIGMOD 0.00019931086
528 Interpolation-Based Index Maintenance 1983 PODS 0.00016854501
760 Partition Based Spatial-Merge Join 1996 SIGMOD 0.0001419395
968 The Buddy-Tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Spatial Data Base Systems 1990 VLDB 0.00012763144
1,038 Redundancy in Spatial Databases 1989 SIGMOD 0.00012349149
1,231 Fractals for Secondary Key Retrieval 1989 PODS 0.0001140916
1,884 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.422145e-05
2,211 Integrating the UB-Tree into a Database System Kernel 2000 VLDB 8.8443254e-05
2,217 A Qualitative Comparison Study of Data Structures for Large Line Segment Databases 1992 SIGMOD 8.8230488e-05
2,307 A Comparison of Spatial Query Processing Techniques for Native and Parameter Spaces 1990 SIGMOD 8.6516423e-05
2,803 Multiattribute Hashing Using Gray Codes. 1986 SIGMOD 7.9748224e-05
2,952 Approximate NN Queries on Streams with Guaranteed Error/performance Bounds 2004 VLDB 7.8061763e-05
3,487 Approaching the Skyline in Z Order 2007 VLDB 7.2428454e-05
4,170 Analysis of n-dimensional Quadtrees Using the Hausdorff Fractal Dimension 1996 VLDB 6.7515441e-05
4,368 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 6.6237291e-05
4,466 Balanced Multidimensional Extendible Hash Tree 1986 PODS 6.5739937e-05
4,733 On Indexing Line Segments 1990 VLDB 6.4311314e-05
4,863 An Experimental Analysis of Iterated Spatial Joins in Main Memory 2013 VLDB 6.3631681e-05
5,530 The Interpolation-Based Grid File 1985 PODS 6.0788092e-05
5,920 On the Optimality of Clustering Properties of Space Filling Curves 2012 PODS 5.9288002e-05
6,924 Techniques for Design and Implementation of Efficient Spatial Access Methods 1988 VLDB 5.6292653e-05
7,324 Theoretically Optimal and Empirically Efficient R-trees with Strong Parallelizability 2018 VLDB 5.5387994e-05
7,477 The hB-Pi-tree: A Modified hB-tree Supporting Concurrency, Recovery and Node Consolidation 1995 VLDB 5.5022037e-05
7,491 Parallel Algorithms for High-dimensional Proximity Joins 1997 VLDB 5.4981344e-05
7,774 Snakes and Sandwiches: Optimal Clustering Strategies for a Data Warehouse 1999 SIGMOD 5.4386896e-05
7,858 Efficient Concurrency Control in Multidimensional Access Methods 1999 SIGMOD 5.4229689e-05
8,201 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.3623066e-05
8,829 SwiftSpatial: Spatial Joins on Modern Hardware 2025 SIGMOD 5.2533436e-05
10,248 Continuous Query Processing in Data Streams Using Duality of Data and Queries 2006 SIGMOD 5.0412958e-05
10,728 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,712 Efficient Cost Modeling of Space-filling Curves 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,146 Dynamic Interleaving of Content and Structure for Robust Indexing of Semi-Structured Hierarchical Data 2020 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,951 Community-Driven Data Grids 2008 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,003 HiSbase: Histogram-based P2P Main Memory Data Management 2007 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,028 Efficient Query Processing on Unstructured Tetrahedral Meshes 2006 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
13,472 Clustered Multiattribute Hash Files 1989 PODS 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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