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The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes

Summary: Introduces the K-D-B-tree, a disk-resident index for large, dynamic multikey workloads with interleaved inserts, deletes, and queries. It fuses K-D-tree multidimensional search with B-tree I/O efficiency to approximate both goals, with preliminary results supporting the approach. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
ha969318bd4f17a61
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1981
Pagerank
0.0008122792
Overall Rank
8 | 99.95%
DOI
10.1145/582318.582321

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{robinson_sigmod81,
        title = {{The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes}},
        author = {Robinson, John T.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '81},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/582318.582321},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/582318.582321},
        year = {1981}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 66 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.001992968
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049142315
44 The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Index for Objects 1987 VLDB 0.00045337853
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.0004503446
90 The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data 1996 VLDB 0.00034860244
101 Spatial Query Processing in an Object-Oriented Database System 1986 SIGMOD 0.00033937215
119 Equi-Depth Histograms For Estimating Selectivity Factors For Multi-Dimensional Queries 1988 SIGMOD 0.0003137356
206 Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Extended Abstract) 1995 VLDB 0.00024986675
264 A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching 1984 PODS 0.00022757762
279 The SR-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Nearest Neighbor Queries 1997 SIGMOD 0.00022308048
287 Implementing Database Operations Using SIMD Instructions 2002 SIGMOD 0.00021970198
335 Hilbert R-tree: An Improved R-tree Using Fractals 1994 VLDB 0.00020660268
341 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00020539791
358 A Retrieval Technique for Similar Shapes 1991 SIGMOD 0.00020019939
523 Interpolation-Based Index Maintenance 1983 PODS 0.00016912345
743 Client-Server Paradise 1994 VLDB 0.00014311524
837 Fast Nearest Neighbor Search in Medical Image Databases 1996 VLDB 0.00013551047
855 Storage Mappings For Multidimensional Linear Dynamic Hashing 1983 PODS 0.00013437655
886 The Pyramid-Technique: Towards Breaking the Curse of Dimensionality 1998 SIGMOD 0.0001325914
965 The Buddy-Tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Spatial Data Base Systems 1990 VLDB 0.00012809362
1,035 Redundancy in Spatial Databases 1989 SIGMOD 0.00012393393
1,055 The BANG file: a new kind of grid file 1987 SIGMOD 0.00012266704
1,237 Processing Queries By Linear Constraints 1997 PODS 0.00011396286
1,527 On the Analysis of Indexing Schemes 1997 PODS 0.00010350889
1,774 ArrayStore: A Storage Manager for Complex Parallel Array Processing 2011 SIGMOD 9.6688719e-05
1,861 Analysis Of Object Oriented Spatial Access Methods 1987 SIGMOD 9.4871409e-05
1,878 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.4451309e-05
1,903 The LSD tree: spatial access to multidimensional point and non-point objects 1989 VLDB 9.4032472e-05
2,205 A Qualitative Comparison Study of Data Structures for Large Line Segment Databases 1992 SIGMOD 8.8556449e-05
2,388 Parallel R-trees 1992 SIGMOD 8.5375939e-05
2,706 On Effective Multi-Dimensional Indexing for Strings 2000 SIGMOD 8.1111109e-05
2,794 Multiattribute Hashing Using Gray Codes. 1986 SIGMOD 8.0033879e-05
3,111 High-Concurrency Locking in R-Trees 1995 VLDB 7.6374094e-05
3,414 Angle-based Space Partitioning for Efficient Parallel Skyline Computation 2008 SIGMOD 7.3244819e-05
3,669 The Priority R-Tree: A Practically Efficient and Worst-Case Optimal R-Tree 2004 SIGMOD 7.1125618e-05
3,842 Query Processing Method for Multi-Attribute Clustered Relations 1990 VLDB 6.9896266e-05
4,060 Tight bounds for 2-dimensional indexing schemes 1998 PODS 6.8250997e-05
4,364 An Evaluation of Generic Bulk Loading Techniques 2001 VLDB 6.6343719e-05
4,443 Balanced Multidimensional Extendible Hash Tree 1986 PODS 6.5987766e-05
5,023 A General Solution of the n-dimensional B-tree Problem 1995 SIGMOD 6.3096704e-05
5,276 MATE: Multi-Attribute Table Extraction 2022 VLDB 6.2002884e-05
5,292 Twin Grid Files: Space Optimizing Access Schemes 1988 SIGMOD 6.1924532e-05
5,505 The Interpolation-Based Grid File 1985 PODS 6.1017692e-05
5,707 A Mapping Function for the Directory of a Multidimensional Extendible Hashing 1984 VLDB 6.0283329e-05
5,963 Spatial Indexing in Microsoft SQL Server 2008 2008 SIGMOD 5.9330399e-05
6,035 Separability of Polyhedra for Optimal Filtering of Spatial and Constraint Data 1995 PODS 5.9088735e-05
6,584 Efficient Search of Multidimensional B-Trees 1995 VLDB 5.7436357e-05
6,616 Two-dimensional Substring Indexing 2001 PODS 5.7330951e-05
6,905 Techniques for Design and Implementation of Efficient Spatial Access Methods 1988 VLDB 5.6505668e-05
7,348 A Scalable and Generic Approach to Range Joins 2022 VLDB 5.5454832e-05
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