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Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory

Summary: Introduces a cache-conscious B+-Tree for in-memory workloads, addressing poor cache-line utilization of traditional B+-Trees. Retains incremental update efficiency while delivering cache-friendly lookups, positioning B+-Trees as a dynamic alternative to CSS-Trees for main memory indexing. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
3270
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2000
Pagerank
0.00038461275
Overall Rank
67 | 99.55%
DOI
10.1145/342009.335449

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{rao_sigmod00,
        title = {{Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory}},
        author = {Rao, Jun and Ross, Kenneth A.},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '00},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/342009.335449},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/342009.335449},
        year = {2000}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 76 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
14 MonetDB/X100: Hyper-Pipelining Query Execution 2005 CIDR 0.0006312782
43 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046060254
68 The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite) 2007 VLDB 0.00038446206
157 OLTP Through the Looking Glass, and What We Found There 2008 SIGMOD 0.0002863588
163 On Supporting Containment Queries in Relational Database Management Systems 2001 SIGMOD 0.00027839792
278 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00022476841
293 Implementing Database Operations Using SIMD Instructions 2002 SIGMOD 0.00022259273
447 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018322593
491 FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00017575163
545 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00016766463
621 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.00015695264
658 Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory 2011 CIDR 0.0001523554
721 Database Architecture Evolution: Mammals Flourished long before Dinosaurs became Extinct 2009 VLDB 0.00014631814
771 Conjunctive Selection Conditions in Main Memory 2002 PODS 0.00014161995
882 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.0001342403
925 Dictionary-based Order-preserving String Compression for Main Memory Column Stores 2009 SIGMOD 0.00013182044
932 Buffering Database Operations for Enhanced Instruction Cache Performance 2004 SIGMOD 0.00013119305
1,028 Generic Database Cost Models for Hierarchical Memory Systems 2002 VLDB 0.00012557617
1,110 Buffering Accesses to Memory-Resident Index Structures 2003 VLDB 0.00012140661
1,315 Fast Updates on Read-Optimized Databases Using Multi-Core CPUs 2012 VLDB 0.00011181796
1,511 Speedup Graph Processing by Graph Ordering 2016 SIGMOD 0.00010538011
1,567 Fractal Prefetching B+-Trees: Optimizing Both Cache and Disk Performance 2002 SIGMOD 0.00010343873
1,616 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010213691
1,710 Cache-Conscious Concurrency Control of Main-Memory Indexes on Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems 2001 VLDB 9.9537123e-05
1,813 Main-Memory Index Structures with Fixed-Size Partial Keys 2001 SIGMOD 9.6941032e-05
1,822 PALM: Parallel Architecture-Friendly Latch-Free Modifications to B+ Trees on Many-Core Processors 2011 VLDB 9.6765747e-05
1,823 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.6739945e-05
1,978 Optimizing Multidimensional Index Trees for Main Memory Access 2001 SIGMOD 9.3627341e-05
2,213 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 8.9410226e-05
2,233 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.8968964e-05
2,378 The Uncracked Pieces in Database Cracking 2014 VLDB 8.6682285e-05
2,649 Asynchronous Memory Access Chaining 2016 VLDB 8.2926258e-05
2,679 Database Servers on Chip Multiprocessors: Limitations and Opportunities 2007 CIDR 8.2675008e-05
2,767 Exploiting Coroutines to Attack the "Killer Nanoseconds" 2018 VLDB 8.1507611e-05
2,890 Interleaving with Coroutines: A Practical Approach for Robust Index Joins 2018 VLDB 7.9880033e-05
2,910 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9700885e-05
3,378 A Hybrid B+-tree as Solution for In-Memory Indexing on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Computing Platforms 2016 SIGMOD 7.4587887e-05
3,598 Access Path Selection in Main-Memory Optimized Data Systems: Should I Scan or Should I Probe? 2017 SIGMOD 7.2718988e-05
3,644 CoroBase: Coroutine-Oriented Main-Memory Database Engine 2021 VLDB 7.2306862e-05
3,658 P*TIME: Highly Scalable OLTP DBMS for Managing Update-Intensive Stream Workload 2004 VLDB 7.2184172e-05
3,729 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.1683974e-05
3,969 Cache-conscious Frequent Pattern Mining on a Modern Processor 2005 VLDB 6.9837297e-05
4,660 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 6.5797541e-05
4,665 Coconut: A Scalable Bottom-Up Approach for Building Data Series Indexes 2018 VLDB 6.5780693e-05
4,772 Improving Database Performance on Simultaneous Multithreading Processors 2005 VLDB 6.5154736e-05
4,806 SharkDB: An In-Memory Storage System for Massive Trajectory Data 2015 SIGMOD 6.4994869e-05
4,826 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 6.4904836e-05
5,156 Only Aggressive Elephants are Fast Elephants 2012 VLDB 6.3410921e-05
5,285 Order-Preserving Key Compression for In-Memory Search Trees 2020 SIGMOD 6.2821588e-05
5,542 Put an Elephant into a Fridge: Optimizing Cache Efficiency for In-memory Key-value Stores 2020 VLDB 6.180117e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
29 Database Architecture Optimized for the New Bottleneck: Memory Access 1999 VLDB 0.00052093615
74 Cache Conscious Algorithms for Relational Query Processing 1994 VLDB 0.00037330605
109 DBMSs On A Modern Processor: Where Does Time Go? 1999 VLDB 0.000331207
204 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB 0.00025342994
219 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00024293529
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 14,493 Towards an Optimal Data-Structure: CB-trees 1984 VLDB
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3 1,567 Fractal Prefetching B+-Trees: Optimizing Both Cache and Disk Performance 2002 SIGMOD
4 545 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD
5 1,710 Cache-Conscious Concurrency Control of Main-Memory Indexes on Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems 2001 VLDB
6 1,813 Main-Memory Index Structures with Fixed-Size Partial Keys 2001 SIGMOD
7 1,978 Optimizing Multidimensional Index Trees for Main Memory Access 2001 SIGMOD
8 1,112 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS
9 1,110 Buffering Accesses to Memory-Resident Index Structures 2003 VLDB
10 204 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB