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PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs

Summary: PG-Schema offers a formalism for property graph schemas with PG-Types (multi-inheritance) and PG-Keys-based constraints. Formal syntax/semantics aimed at shaping GQL's rich DDL and boosting graph DBs' schema capabilities. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6701
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2023
Pagerank
0.00010560236
Overall Rank
1,785 | 87.59%
DOI
10.1145/3589778

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,411 Beyond Relations: A Case for Elevating to the Entity-Relationship Abstraction 2025 CIDR 5.5207515e-05
5,659 Implementation Strategies for Views over Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 5.3847762e-05
5,910 Normalizing Property Graphs 2023 VLDB 5.2768691e-05
6,896 Containment of Graph Queries Modulo Schema 2024 PODS 4.8925595e-05
7,735 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 4.6644355e-05
8,687 TigerVector: Supporting Vector Search in Graph Databases for Advanced RAGs 2025 SIGMOD 4.4675056e-05
9,034 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 4.4039656e-05
9,153 PG-Triggers: Triggers for Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 4.3849295e-05
9,455 GraphScope Flex: LEGO-like Graph Computing Stack 2024 SIGMOD 4.3388007e-05
9,676 Schema-Based Query Optimisation for Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.3047774e-05
9,788 A Modular Graph-Native Query Optimization Framework 2025 SIGMOD 4.2818172e-05
9,997 Raqlet: Cross-Paradigm Compilation for Recursive Queries 2026 CIDR 4.1945683e-05
10,235 Repairing Property Graphs under PG-Constraints 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,238 TurboLynx: Schemaless Graph Engine Strikes Back for General-Purpose Analytics 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,250 Structural Normalization of Property Graphs 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,376 Entity/Relationship Graphs: Principled Design, Modeling, and Data Integrity Management of Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,395 User-Centric Property Graph Repairs 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,448 PASCAL: A Theory-Informed Visual Interface for Property Graph Schema Visualization 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,508 Synthesizing Third Normal Form Schemata that Minimize Integrity Maintenance and Update Overheads: Parameterizing 3NF by the Numbers of Minimal Keys and Functional Dependencies 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,520 LICS: Towards Theory-Informed Effective Visual Abstraction of Property Graph Schemas 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,572 G-View: View Management for Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,702 Shifting Transaction Isolation on Graphs: From Systems to Data 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,715 What If: Causal Analysis with Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,785 GalaxyWeaver: Autonomous Table-to-Graph Conversion and Schema Optimization with Large Language Models 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,803 GraphAr: An Efficient Storage Scheme for Graph Data in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,834 When Entity/Relationship Models Meet Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,839 Property Graph Standards: State of the Art & Open Challenges 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,845 Versatile Property Graph Transformations 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,076 KGFabric: A Scalable Knowledge Graph Warehouse for Enterprise Data Interconnection 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 7 of 7 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
331 The Ubiquity of Large Graphs and Surprising Challenges of Graph Processing 2018 VLDB 0.00027214222
789 Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs 2018 SIGMOD 0.00016634256
964 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.0001497475
2,505 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 8.634551e-05
3,306 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 7.2437997e-05
7,274 DiscoPG: Property Graph Schema Discovery and Exploration 2022 VLDB 4.7807315e-05
9,798 Threshold Queries in Theory and in the Wild 2022 VLDB 4.2818172e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,250 Structural Normalization of Property Graphs 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
9,535 Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms 2018 VLDB 4.3265843e-05
9,034 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 4.4039656e-05
2,505 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 8.634551e-05
10,839 Property Graph Standards: State of the Art & Open Challenges 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,006 On the Expressiveness of Languages for Querying Property Graphs in Relational Databases 2026 PODS 4.1945683e-05
10,845 Versatile Property Graph Transformations 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
7,713 GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power 2025 VLDB 4.6712228e-05
5,651 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 5.3905536e-05
3,306 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 7.2437997e-05