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ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation

Summary: ByteCard trains and deploys cardinality estimators in ByteHouse, replacing Selinger-style estimates for huge-scale queries. Balancing accuracy and practicality (latency, size, training cost), it yields up to 30% lower 99th percentile latency on real data. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6785
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
4.4351469e-05
Overall Rank
8,834 | 38.61%
DOI
10.1145/3626246.3653376

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 38 of 38 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0040465394
71 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059446482
167 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00039408116
183 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00036859633
203 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00034868567
310 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.0002815547
380 Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values 2000 PODS 0.00024943236
486 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 2020 VLDB 0.00022039625
510 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00021420477
606 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00019251186
752 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00017138049
804 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001643674
905 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00015423174
950 Runtime Measurements in the Cloud: Observing, Analyzing, and Reducing Variance 2010 VLDB 0.00015100872
1,239 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00013091459
1,273 Amazon Redshift Re-invented 2022 SIGMOD 0.00012870386
1,313 Cost-Based Optimization for Magic: Algebra and Implementation 1996 SIGMOD 0.00012629432
1,590 Column-oriented Database Systems 2009 VLDB 0.00011230525
1,638 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00011050093
2,769 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.1512848e-05
3,153 AnalyticDB: Real-time OLAP Database System at Alibaba Cloud 2019 VLDB 7.4706916e-05
3,455 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 7.0760196e-05
3,492 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 7.0435484e-05
3,623 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 6.9017341e-05
3,797 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 6.7552936e-05
3,819 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 6.7267885e-05
3,992 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.5519369e-05
3,995 ResTune: Resource Oriented Tuning Boosted by Meta-Learning for Cloud Databases 2021 SIGMOD 6.5475871e-05
4,151 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 6.4020605e-05
4,413 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 6.1989918e-05
4,543 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 6.0953507e-05
4,592 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 6.056004e-05
5,250 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 5.6007779e-05
5,537 Presto: A Decade of SQL Analytics at Meta 2023 SIGMOD 5.453017e-05
5,639 Analyzing the Impact of Cardinality Estimation on Execution Plans in Microsoft SQL Server 2023 VLDB 5.3972261e-05
6,774 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 4.9253635e-05
7,611 Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values 2022 VLDB 4.6920008e-05
8,434 SageDB: An Instance-Optimized Data Analytics System 2022 VLDB 4.5077955e-05
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