Heracles: An Efficient Storage Model and Data Flushing for Performance Monitoring Timeseries
Summary: Heracles: shared-timestamp storage for compression and cross-metric queries, with a two-level epoch memory manager enabling gradual, queryable flushing. On Prometheus tsdb: 171% throughput, 32% latency reduction, 30% space savings; beats LevelDB and Parquet. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Zhiqi Wang (Chinese University of Hong Kong)
- 2. Jin Xue (Chinese University of Hong Kong)
- 3. Zili Shao (Chinese University of Hong Kong)
BibTeX Citation
@article{wang_vldb21,
title = {{Heracles: An Efficient Storage Model and Data Flushing for Performance Monitoring Timeseries}},
author = {Wang, Zhiqi and Xue, Jin and Shao, Zili},
journal = {PVLDB},
series = {{VLDB} '21},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {1080--1092},
doi = {10.14778/3447689.3447710},
url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3447689.3447710},
year = {2021}
}Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 7 of 7 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7,208 | TimeUnion: An Efficient Architecture with Unified Data Model for Timeseries Management Systems on Hybrid Cloud Storage | 2022 | SIGMOD | 5.6727339e-05 |
| 8,519 | Mach: A Pluggable Metrics Storage Engine for the Age of Observability | 2022 | CIDR | 5.4119882e-05 |
| 10,865 | Approximation-First Timeseries Query At Scale | 2025 | VLDB | 5.093636e-05 |
| 10,901 | STsCache: An Efficient Semantic Caching Scheme for Time-series Data Workloads Based on Hybrid Storage | 2025 | VLDB | 5.093636e-05 |
| 10,923 | Improving Time Series Data Compression in Apache IoTDB | 2025 | VLDB | 5.093636e-05 |
| 11,381 | Grouping Time Series for Efficient Columnar Storage | 2023 | SIGMOD | 5.093636e-05 |
| 11,395 | ForestTI: A Scalable Inverted-Index-Oriented Timeseries Management System with Flexible Memory Efficiency | 2023 | SIGMOD | 5.093636e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS | 2005 | VLDB | 0.00069513174 |
| 38 | Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine | 2013 | SIGMOD | 0.00047648573 |
| 60 | Integrating Compression and Execution in Column-Oriented Database Systems | 2006 | SIGMOD | 0.0003955489 |
| 148 | Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database | 2015 | VLDB | 0.00029250767 |
| 186 | The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later | 2012 | VLDB | 0.00026182534 |
| 720 | Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture | 2013 | VLDB | 0.00014632914 |
| 1,015 | AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS | 2014 | VLDB | 0.00012647763 |
| 1,874 | Storage Management in AsterixDB | 2014 | VLDB | 9.5750002e-05 |
| 3,326 | Timon: A Timestamped Event Database for Efficient Telemetry Data Processing and Analytics | 2020 | SIGMOD | 7.5187553e-05 |
| 5,803 | An LSM-based Tuple Compaction Framework for Apache AsterixDB | 2020 | VLDB | 6.0841986e-05 |
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Semantically Similar Papers
| # | Overall Rank | Paper | Year | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10,865 | Approximation-First Timeseries Query At Scale | 2025 | VLDB |
| 2 | 4,762 | Time Series Data Encoding for Efficient Storage: A Comparative Analysis in Apache IoTDB | 2022 | VLDB |
| 3 | 5,231 | Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search | 2022 | VLDB |
| 4 | 7,728 | TSCache: An Efficient Flash-based Caching Scheme for Time-series Data Workloads | 2021 | VLDB |
| 5 | 148 | Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database | 2015 | VLDB |
| 6 | 10,901 | STsCache: An Efficient Semantic Caching Scheme for Time-series Data Workloads Based on Hybrid Storage | 2025 | VLDB |
| 7 | 7,208 | TimeUnion: An Efficient Architecture with Unified Data Model for Timeseries Management Systems on Hybrid Cloud Storage | 2022 | SIGMOD |
| 8 | 10,923 | Improving Time Series Data Compression in Apache IoTDB | 2025 | VLDB |
| 9 | 11,395 | ForestTI: A Scalable Inverted-Index-Oriented Timeseries Management System with Flexible Memory Efficiency | 2023 | SIGMOD |
| 10 | 11,381 | Grouping Time Series for Efficient Columnar Storage | 2023 | SIGMOD |