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Procedural Extensions of SQL: Understanding their usage in the wild

Summary: Empirical study of procedural SQL usage across workloads—procedures, UDFs, triggers—reveals magnitude and complexity. SQL-ProcBench: a real-workload benchmark for procedural SQL; cross-engine experiments expose research challenges and opportunities. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12514
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
9.5277793e-05
Overall Rank
1,892 | 87.03%
DOI
10.14778/3457390.3457402

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{gupta_vldb21,
        title = {{Procedural Extensions of SQL: Understanding their usage in the wild}},
        author = {Gupta, Surabhi and Ramachandra, Karthik},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {8},
        pages = {1378--1391},
        doi = {10.14778/3457390.3457402},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3457390.3457402},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,273 User-Defined Operators: Efficiently Integrating Custom Algorithms into Modern Databases 2022 VLDB 6.7909197e-05
5,791 Accelerating Python UDFs in Vectorized Query Execution 2022 CIDR 6.0873094e-05
6,015 Dear User-Defined Functions, Inlining isn't working out so great for us. Let's try batching to make our relationship work. Sincerely, SQL 2024 CIDR 6.008272e-05
6,253 Declarative Sub-Operators for Universal Data Processing 2023 VLDB 5.940599e-05
6,314 YeSQL: "You extend SQL" with Rich and Highly Performant User-Defined Functions in Relational Databases 2022 VLDB 5.9157364e-05
6,475 WeBridge: Synthesizing Stored Procedures for Large-Scale Real-World Web Applications 2024 SIGMOD 5.8687157e-05
7,235 An Examination of CXL Memory Use Cases for In-Memory Database Management Systems using SAP HANA 2024 VLDB 5.6655351e-05
8,846 Workload Insights From The Snowflake Data Cloud: What Do Production Analytic Queries Really Look Like? 2025 VLDB 5.3580184e-05
8,950 OneProvenance: Efficient Extraction of Dynamic Coarse-Grained Provenance From Database Query Event Logs 2023 VLDB 5.345946e-05
9,415 The Key to Effective UDF Optimization: Before Inlining, First Perform Outlining 2025 VLDB 5.2742285e-05
9,517 Are Database System Researchers Making Correct Assumptions About Transaction Workloads? 2025 SIGMOD 5.2566631e-05
9,917 The UDFBench Benchmark for General-purpose UDF Queries 2025 VLDB 5.1955087e-05
10,040 SQL Engines Excel at the Execution of Imperative Programs 2024 VLDB 5.1723558e-05
10,232 EncoderForge: Generating Efficient SQL for Encoders in Machine Learning Inference Pipelines 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,389 PLForge: Enhancing Language Models for Natural Language to Procedural Extensions of SQL 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,697 Query Decorrelation in the Fabric Data Warehouse 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,740 UDFBench: A Tool for Benchmarking UDF Queries on SQL Engines 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,024 Horizon: Robust Checks for SQL Migration Using LLMs 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,206 Understanding and Reusing Test Suites Across Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,487 To UDFs and Beyond: Demonstration of a Fully Decomposed Data Processor for General Data Wrangling Tasks 2023 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 22 of 22 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
23 Efficiently Compiling Efficient Query Plans for Modern Hardware 2011 VLDB 0.00054886415
38 Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine 2013 SIGMOD 0.00047648573
392 Massive Stochastic Testing of SQL 1998 VLDB 0.00019342814
649 Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Compiled and Vectorized Queries But Were Afraid to Ask 2018 VLDB 0.00015320656
894 Froid: Optimization of Imperative Programs in a Relational Database 2018 VLDB 0.00013367658
1,261 Rewriting Procedures for Batched Bindings 2008 VLDB 0.0001143305
1,797 How to Architect a Query Compiler 2016 SIGMOD 9.7368925e-05
2,488 How to Architect a Query Compiler, Revisited 2018 SIGMOD 8.5091578e-05
2,684 Compiling PL/SQL Away 2020 CIDR 8.25952e-05
2,939 Extracting Equivalent SQL from Imperative Code in Database Applications 2016 SIGMOD 7.9395908e-05
3,172 Demonstration of the Cosette Automated SQL Prover 2017 SIGMOD 7.6679093e-05
3,992 Aggify: Lifting the Curse of Cursor Loops using Custom Aggregates 2020 SIGMOD 6.9695338e-05
4,264 A Method for Optimizing Opaque Filter Queries 2020 SIGMOD 6.7937529e-05
4,400 Recurring Job Optimization in Scope 2012 SIGMOD 6.7239302e-05
4,452 Just-in-time compilation for SQL query processing 2013 VLDB 6.6942969e-05
5,000 Permutable Compiled Queries: Dynamically Adapting Compiled Queries without Recompiling 2021 VLDB 6.4069917e-05
5,828 PL/SQL Without the PL 2020 SIGMOD 6.073983e-05
5,991 Iterative Query Processing based on Unified Optimization Techniques 2019 SIGMOD 6.0171458e-05
6,328 Functional-Style SQL UDFs With a Capital 'F' 2020 SIGMOD 5.9113895e-05
7,297 DBridge: Translating Imperative Code to SQL 2017 SIGMOD 5.6525237e-05
8,211 MONSOON: Multi-Step Optimization and Execution of Queries with Partially Obscured Predicates 2020 SIGMOD 5.4658735e-05
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