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EncoderForge: Generating Efficient SQL for Encoders in Machine Learning Inference Pipelines

Summary: EncoderForge translates ML encoders into optimizer-friendly joins rather than poorly optimized CASE expressions. Its plan selector explores mixed join/CASE alternatives via dynamic and priority-based search, delivering up to 10× faster SQL across databases. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 26 2026)

Paper ID
7423
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
5.093636e-05
Overall Rank
10,232 | 29.80%
DOI
10.1145/3802050

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{pan_sigmod26,
        title = {{EncoderForge: Generating Efficient SQL for Encoders in Machine Learning Inference Pipelines}},
        author = {Pan, Qingfeng and Jing, Qingyuan and Zhang, Chenyang and Zhi, Jiahe and Xu, Chen and Long, Heng},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3802050},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802050},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 37 of 37 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
23 Efficiently Compiling Efficient Query Plans for Modern Hardware 2011 VLDB 0.00054886415
316 Measuring the Complexity of Join Enumeration in Query Optimization 1990 VLDB 0.0002141607
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00015014887
894 Froid: Optimization of Imperative Programs in a Relational Database 2018 VLDB 0.00013367658
1,013 Dynamic Programming Strikes Back 2008 SIGMOD 0.00012652549
1,229 Weld: A Common Runtime for High Performance Data Analytics 2017 CIDR 0.00011578425
1,286 Adaptive Optimization of Very Large Join Queries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011320736
1,756 SystemDS: A Declarative Machine Learning System for the End-to-End Data Science Lifecycle 2020 CIDR 9.8172465e-05
1,892 Procedural Extensions of SQL: Understanding their usage in the wild 2021 VLDB 9.5277793e-05
2,239 An Intermediate Representation for Optimizing Machine Learning Pipelines 2019 VLDB 8.8875753e-05
2,844 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.0608767e-05
2,865 End-to-end Optimization of Machine Learning Prediction Queries 2022 SIGMOD 8.0180243e-05
3,203 TitAnt: Online Real-time Transaction Fraud Detection in Ant Financial 2019 VLDB 7.6402128e-05
3,205 On Optimizing Operator Fusion Plans for Large-Scale Machine Learning in SystemML 2018 VLDB 7.6386536e-05
4,180 BlackMagic: Automatic Inlining of Scalar UDFs into SQL Queries with Froid 2019 VLDB 6.8487143e-05
4,253 Efficient and Portable Einstein Summation in SQL 2023 SIGMOD 6.8029311e-05
4,292 Putting Pandas in a Box 2021 CIDR 6.7784325e-05
4,705 Presto: A Decade of SQL Analytics at Meta 2023 SIGMOD 6.5529421e-05
5,107 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.3623786e-05
5,195 Tensor Relational Algebra for Distributed Machine Learning System Design 2021 VLDB 6.3232105e-05
5,456 InferDB: In-Database Machine Learning Inference Using Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.2131252e-05
5,529 Debunking the Myth of Join Ordering: Toward Robust SQL Analytics 2025 SIGMOD 6.18591e-05
5,706 SmartLite: A DBMS-based Serving System for DNN Inference in Resource-constrained Environments 2024 VLDB 6.1144255e-05
6,253 Declarative Sub-Operators for Universal Data Processing 2023 VLDB 5.940599e-05
6,434 Yannakakis+: Practical Acyclic Query Evaluation with Theoretical Guarantees 2025 SIGMOD 5.8799421e-05
6,538 UPLIFT: Parallelization Strategies for Feature Transformations in Machine Learning Workloads 2022 VLDB 5.8477764e-05
6,585 JoinBoost: Grow Trees Over Normalized Data Using Only SQL 2023 VLDB 5.8350362e-05
6,614 Mitigating the Impedance Mismatch between Prediction Query Execution and Database Engine 2025 SIGMOD 5.8216658e-05
6,628 ConnectorX: Accelerating Data Loading From Databases to Dataframes 2022 VLDB 5.8197537e-05
8,096 Efficient Execution of User-Defined Functions in SQL Queries 2023 VLDB 5.4875738e-05
8,163 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.4751517e-05
8,572 T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.4102362e-05
9,155 Adda: Towards Efficient in-Database Feature Generation via LLM-based Agents 2025 SIGMOD 5.3122817e-05
9,456 QURE: AI-Assisted and Automatically Verified UDF Inlining 2025 SIGMOD 5.2643416e-05
10,072 Query Compilation Without Regrets 2024 SIGMOD 5.1624689e-05
11,537 Redundancy Elimination in Distributed Matrix Computation 2022 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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