LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory

Summary: Exploits 3DXPoint’s cache-line write behavior and 256B access granularity to redesign persistent B+-trees. Entry moving, logless NAW-based splits, and distributed headers reduce line writes, yielding up to 2.92× faster insertions. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: 12216
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2020
Pagerank: 9.6739945e-05
Overall Rank: 1,823 | 87.50%
DOI: 10.14778/3384345.3384355

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Jihang Liu (Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
2. Shimin Chen (Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
3. Lujun Wang (Alibaba)

BibTeX Citation

@article{liu_vldb20,
        title = {{LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory}},
        author = {Liu, Jihang and Chen, Shimin and Wang, Lujun},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '20},
        volume = {13},
        number = {7},
        pages = {1078--1090},
        doi = {10.14778/3384345.3384355},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3384345.3384355},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,551	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	0.00010381398
2,471	Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store	2021	VLDB	8.5329393e-05
2,910	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	7.9700885e-05
4,578	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB	6.6210545e-05
5,683	SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes	2022	CIDR	6.1232842e-05
5,954	When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories	2023	SIGMOD	6.0292226e-05
5,993	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	6.0158662e-05
6,086	Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table	2022	VLDB	5.9817424e-05
6,679	Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	5.8050516e-05
6,733	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two	2022	VLDB	5.7880281e-05
6,859	Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory	2021	VLDB	5.7520461e-05
7,191	WiscSort: External Sorting For Byte-Addressable Storage	2023	VLDB	5.6772818e-05
7,906	Buffered Persistence in B+ Trees	2024	SIGMOD	5.5181056e-05
8,082	Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index	2023	SIGMOD	5.4915503e-05
8,167	DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems	2024	VLDB	5.4745703e-05
8,579	Cost Modelling for Optimal Data Placement in Heterogeneous Main Memory	2022	VLDB	5.4087323e-05
8,963	The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	5.3435901e-05
9,150	PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access	2022	VLDB	5.3133586e-05
9,151	Tair-PMem: A Fully Durable Non-Volatile Memory Database	2022	VLDB	5.3133586e-05
9,506	FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage	2024	VLDB	5.258497e-05
9,507	BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System	2024	VLDB	5.258497e-05
10,197	ART That Lasts: Persistent Multiversion Adaptive Radix Trees with Fast Atomic Range Queries	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
10,262	LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
10,440	DART: A Lock-free Two-layer Hashed ART Index for Disaggregated Memory	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
10,545	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	5.093636e-05
10,829	FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update	2025	VLDB	5.093636e-05
11,218	Breathing New Life into An Old Tree: Resolving Logging Dilemma of B+-tree on Modern Computational Storage Drives	2024	VLDB	5.093636e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
67	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00038461275
491	FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory	2016	SIGMOD	0.00017575163
545	Improving Index Performance through Prefetching	2001	SIGMOD	0.00016766463
621	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00015695264
658	Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory	2011	CIDR	0.0001523554
948	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.0001303916
1,347	X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing	2019	SIGMOD	0.00011073571
2,738	Utilization of B-trees with Inserts, Deletes and Modifies	1989	PODS	8.1875737e-05

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1	4,578	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB
2	1,813	Main-Memory Index Structures with Fixed-Size Partial Keys	2001	SIGMOD
3	7,189	BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees	2023	VLDB
4	5,954	When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories	2023	SIGMOD
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6	2,246	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB
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