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A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: Systematically taxonomizes and benchmarks 13 graph-based ANNS algorithms across 20 real and synthetic datasets using a unified, fine-grained pipeline. Reveals component-level tradeoffs, practitioner guidelines, and an optimized method that surpasses prior state of the art. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
12566
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00019194947
Overall Rank
398 | 97.28%
DOI
10.14778/3476249.3476255

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{wang_vldb21,
        title = {{A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search}},
        author = {Wang, Mengzhao and Xu, Xiaoliang and Yue, Qiang and Wang, Yuxiang},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1964--1978},
        doi = {10.14778/3476249.3476255},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3476249.3476255},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 75 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,326 PGTuner: An Efficient Framework for Automatic and Transferable Configuration Tuning of Proximity Graphs 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,333 VecFlow: A High-Performance Vector Data Management System for Filtered-Search on GPUs 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,336 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,346 Beyond Vector Search: Querying With and Without Predicates 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,362 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,364 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Hemi-Sphere Centroids Graph 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,386 NeurStore: Efficient In-database Deep Learning Model Management System 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,400 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,417 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,435 CANDOR-Bench: Benchmarking In-Memory Continuous ANNS under Dynamic Open-World Streams [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,443 Distribution-Aware Exploration for Adaptive HNSW Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,447 Efficient and Robust Out-Of-Distribution Vector Similarity Search with Cross-Distribution Monotonic Graph 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,454 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,455 FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,493 Reveal Hidden Pitfalls and Navigate Next Generation of Vector Similarity Search from Task-Centric Views: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,512 SVFusion: A CPU-GPU Co-Processing Architecture for Large-Scale Real-Time Vector Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,525 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,544 I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space Exploration 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,563 Balancing the Blend: An Experimental Analysis of Trade-offs in Hybrid Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,571 An Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Querying on Vectors 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,585 RED-ANNS: An RDMA-Enabled Distributed Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,601 Elastic Index Selection for Label-Hybrid AKNN Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,751 Approximating Opaque Top-k Queries 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,005 GaussDB-Vector: A Large-Scale Persistent Real-Time Vector Database for LLM Applications 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,059 Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Search on High-Dimensional Data Objects: The Impact of Reference Objects 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
46 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00044853085
93 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034701237
332 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00020920444
353 The Query By Image Content (QBIC) System 1995 SIGMOD 0.00020370587
406 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00019054532
705 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00014829964
926 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013181732
2,010 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.3085202e-05
4,970 Permutation Search Methods are Efficient, Yet Faster Search is Possible 2015 VLDB 6.4197336e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 6,334 MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD
2 10,455 FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD
3 4,712 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB
4 10,299 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD
5 926 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD
6 9,163 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD
7 10,364 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Hemi-Sphere Centroids Graph 2026 SIGMOD
8 93 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB
9 10,454 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD
10 1,244 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD