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Napa: Powering Scalable Data Warehousing with Robust Query Performance at Google

Summary: Napa is Google’s production, planet-scale warehouse delivering sub-second, variance-free analytics under continuous global updates and strong consistency. Consistently maintained materialized views and tunable freshness/performance/cost expose robust query SLAs despite legacy infrastructure constraints. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 21 2026)

Paper ID
12694
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
6.9525581e-05
Overall Rank
4,017 | 72.45%
DOI
10.14778/3476311.3476377

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{agiwal_vldb21,
        title = {{Napa: Powering Scalable Data Warehousing with Robust Query Performance at Google}},
        author = {Agiwal, Ankur and Lai, Kevin and Manoharan, Gokul Nath Babu and Roy, Indrajit and Sankaranarayanan, Jagan and Zhang, Hao and Zou, Tao and Chen, Min and Chen, Zongchang (Jim) and Dai, Ming and Do, Thanh and Gao, Haoyu and Geng, Haoyan and Grover, Raman and Huang, Bo and Huang, Yanlai and Li, Zhi (Adam) and Liang, Jianyi and Lin, Tao and Liu, Li and Liu, Yao and Mao, Xi and Meng, Yalan (Maya) and Mishra, Prashant and Patel, Jay and R., Rajesh S. and Raman, Vijayshankar and Roy, Sourashis and Shishodia, Mayank Singh and Sun, Tianhang and Tang, Ye (Justin) and Tatemura, Junichi and Trehan, Sagar and Vadali, Ramkumar and Venkatasubramanian, Prasanna and Zhang, Gensheng and Zhang, Kefei and Zhang, Yupu and Zhuang, Zeleng and Graefe, Goetz and Agrawal, Divyakant and Naughton, Jeff and Kosalge, Sujata and Hacıgümüş, Hakan},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2986--2998},
        doi = {10.14778/3476311.3476377},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3476311.3476377},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,877 An Empirical Evaluation of Columnar Storage Formats 2024 VLDB 7.0532293e-05
7,915 Krypton: Real-time Serving and Analytical SQL Engine at ByteDance 2023 VLDB 5.5181056e-05
8,323 SageDB: An Instance-Optimized Data Analytics System 2022 VLDB 5.4539294e-05
8,798 GEqO: ML-Accelerated Semantic Equivalence Detection 2023 SIGMOD 5.3698781e-05
8,966 The Five-Minute Rule for the Cloud: Caching in Analytics Systems 2025 CIDR 5.3430119e-05
9,157 Meta's Next-generation Realtime Monitoring and Analytics Platform 2022 VLDB 5.3115153e-05
9,664 Cost-efficiency and Performance Robustness in Serverless Data Exchange 2022 SIGMOD 5.240674e-05
10,039 Towards Resource-adaptive Query Execution in Cloud Native Databases 2024 CIDR 5.1723558e-05
10,059 Progressive Partitioning for Parallelized Query Execution in Google’s Napa 2023 VLDB 5.1664022e-05
10,355 Counting Is All You Need for Instant Tuple Discovery: Enabling Real-Time HTAP in Standalone DBMSs 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,509 FlatStor: An Efficient Embedded-Index Based Columnar Data Layout for Multimodal Data Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,997 The HANA Native Query Engine for Lakehouse Systems 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,078 LiquidCache: Efficient Pushdown Caching for Cloud-Native Data Analytics 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,506 Making Cache Monotonic and Consistent 2023 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
51 Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets 2010 VLDB 0.0004291425
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
73 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00037333356
237 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.0002369895
259 Database Cracking 2007 CIDR 0.00023119313
472 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.000179044
607 F1: A Distributed SQL Database That Scales 2013 VLDB 0.00015800238
872 Tenzing: A SQL Implementation On The MapReduce Framework 2011 VLDB 0.00013486409
1,494 Procella: Unifying serving and analytical data at YouTube 2019 VLDB 0.00010577585
1,606 Mesa: Geo-Replicated, Near Real-Time, Scalable Data Warehousing 2014 VLDB 0.00010228576
2,889 F1 Query: Declarative Querying at Scale 2018 VLDB 7.9935046e-05
2,966 Asynchronous View Maintenance for VLSD Databases 2009 SIGMOD 7.9152992e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 7,243 Online Expansion of Large-scale Data Warehouses 2011 VLDB
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4 4,120 Big Metadata: When Metadata is Big Data 2021 VLDB
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6 4,231 Pinot: Realtime OLAP for 530 Million Users 2018 SIGMOD
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10 10,059 Progressive Partitioning for Parallelized Query Execution in Google’s Napa 2023 VLDB