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Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?

Summary: First comprehensive empirical evaluation of updatable learned indexes across ten real datasets and varied workloads. Compared with traditional indexes under changing distributions and concurrency, it yields deployment guidance and design takeaways. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12784
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
6.4905689e-05
Overall Rank
4,056 | 71.82%
DOI
10.14778/3551793.3551848

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,419 LeCo: Lightweight Compression via Learning Serial Correlations 2024 SIGMOD 7.1127752e-05
5,072 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7121108e-05
5,327 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 5.5660777e-05
6,442 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 5.0541252e-05
7,389 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7386163e-05
7,870 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 4.6271153e-05
7,894 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 4.6196003e-05
8,100 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5821762e-05
8,411 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 4.5151296e-05
8,668 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 4.4671214e-05
9,351 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 4.3490308e-05
9,745 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 4.2856385e-05
9,902 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 4.2539423e-05
10,038 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,087 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,172 HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,282 Toward Drift-Aware Database Benchmarking 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,331 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,407 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,719 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
237 An Efficient, Cost-Driven Index Selection Tool for Microsoft SQL Server 1997 VLDB 0.00031727601
329 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027301488
634 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00018844568
819 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016237497
844 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00015964123
1,085 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014173956
1,300 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012711153
1,365 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012379754
1,438 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011965956
1,464 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.0001184772
1,608 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011169837
1,726 Fast Updates on Read-Optimized Databases Using Multi-Core CPUs 2012 VLDB 0.00010734339
1,887 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00010201938
2,022 Magic mirror in my hand, which is the best in the land? An Experimental Evaluation of Index Selection Algorithms 2020 VLDB 9.7623022e-05
2,108 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 9.5283642e-05
2,244 Query Optimization in Microsoft SQL Server PDW 2012 SIGMOD 9.2095696e-05
2,313 Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words 2018 SIGMOD 9.0546844e-05
2,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5569576e-05
2,676 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 8.326321e-05
3,136 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 7.4926368e-05
3,341 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes 2020 VLDB 7.1984492e-05
3,945 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.605467e-05
5,154 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 5.6548237e-05
5,184 Query Optimization in Oracle 12c Database In-Memory 2015 VLDB 5.6360141e-05
5,433 Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores 2020 VLDB 5.5086304e-05
6,062 OLTPShare: The Case for Sharing in OLTP Workloads 2018 VLDB 5.2267464e-05
6,314 HydraList: A Scalable In-Memory Index Using Asynchronous Updates and Partial Replication 2020 VLDB 5.1108651e-05
6,723 A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes 2022 VLDB 4.9449538e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
8,100 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5821762e-05
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
8,811 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 4.4398976e-05
2,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5569576e-05
7,389 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7386163e-05
10,087 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
6,442 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 5.0541252e-05
5,072 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7121108e-05
1,438 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011965956
10,038 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05