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Natural language to SQL: Where are we today?

Summary: A unified evaluation of 11 NL2SQL methods across 10+ benchmarks, including WTQ and TPC-H, exposes hidden dataset/method assumptions and inadequacies of standard metrics. It provides a taxonomy, systematic error analysis, and database-backed validation via query rewriting and testing. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
12264
Venue
VLDB
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00013521464
Overall Rank
865 | 94.07%
DOI
10.14778/3401960.3401970

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{kim_vldb20,
        title = {{Natural language to SQL: Where are we today?}},
        author = {Kim, Hyeonji and So, Byeong-Hoon and Han, Wook-Shin and Lee, Hongrae},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '20},
        volume = {13},
        number = {10},
        pages = {1737--1750},
        doi = {10.14778/3401960.3401970},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3401960.3401970},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,444 CatSQL: Towards Real World Natural Language to SQL Applications 2023 VLDB 0.00010769944
1,550 Symphony: Towards Natural Language Query Answering over Multi-modal Data Lakes 2023 CIDR 0.00010385904
2,956 The Design of an LLM-powered Unstructured Analytics System 2025 CIDR 7.9203461e-05
3,354 MT-Teql: Evaluating and Augmenting Neural NLIDB on Real-world Linguistic and Schema Variations 2022 VLDB 7.4918609e-05
4,436 Serving and Optimizing Machine Learning Workflows on Heterogeneous Infrastructures 2023 VLDB 6.7069035e-05
4,809 Synthesizing Natural Language to Visualization (NL2VIS) Benchmarks from NL2SQL Benchmarks 2021 SIGMOD 6.4984309e-05
5,881 MOCHA: A Tool for Visualizing Impact of Operator Choices in Query Execution Plans for Database Education 2022 VLDB 6.0529753e-05
8,140 Automated Data Visualization from Natural Language via Large Language Models: An Exploratory Study 2024 SIGMOD 5.4802202e-05
8,423 Cracking SQL Barriers: An LLM-based Dialect Translation System 2025 SIGMOD 5.4275169e-05
9,020 Data-Driven Insight Synthesis for Multi-Dimensional Data 2024 VLDB 5.3306775e-05
9,112 Towards Enhancing Database Education: Natural Language Generation Meets Query Execution Plans 2021 SIGMOD 5.3218986e-05
9,136 Sphinteract: Resolving Ambiguities in NL2SQL Through User Interaction 2025 VLDB 5.3166292e-05
9,305 The Power of Constraints in Natural Language to SQL Translation 2025 VLDB 5.289545e-05
9,310 LLM-PBE: Assessing Data Privacy in Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 5.289545e-05
9,520 Experimental Analysis of Large-scale Learnable Vector Storage Compression 2024 VLDB 5.2561283e-05
9,556 CAFE: Towards Compact, Adaptive, and Fast Embedding for Large-scale Recommendation Models 2024 SIGMOD 5.2528121e-05
10,082 Wred: Workload Reduction for Scalable Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 5.1587525e-05
10,537 TACO: A Benchmark for Open-Domain Text-to-SQL with Ambiguous and Cross-Database Queries 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,987 OmniMatch: Joinability Discovery in Data Products 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,013 Towards Automated Cross-domain Exploratory Data Analysis through Large Language Models 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,120 Welding Natural Language Queries to Analytics IRs with LLMs 2024 CIDR 5.093636e-05
11,245 Relational Query Synthesis ⋈ Decision Tree Learning 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,547 LANTERN: Boredom-conscious Natural Language Description Generation of Query Execution Plans for Database Education 2022 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,704 Robust Voice Querying with MUVE: Optimally Visualizing Results of Phonetically Similar Queries 2021 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,737 DBTagger: Multi-Task Learning for Keyword Mapping in NLIDBs Using Bi-Directional Recurrent Neural Networks 2021 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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